A better way to zone : ten principles to create more liveable cities
A better way to zone : ten principles to create more liveable cities
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更好的分区方式：创建更宜居城市的十项原则
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
Donald L. Elliott
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作者：
Donald L. Elliott
几乎所有的美国大城市都依靠分区来管理土地使用。然而，根据唐纳德·l·埃利奥特（Donald L. Elliott）的说法，分区往往会阻碍大城市需要和想要的发展。事实上，艾略特认为分区已经变得如此复杂，以至于它经常功能失调，迫切需要彻底改革。《一种更好的方式》精确地解释了哪里出了问题，以及如何解决问题。“更好的分区方式”探讨了分区的宪法和法律框架，它在二十世纪的演变，过去重大改革努力背后的原因，以及大多数当前城市分区制度的不利影响。为了弄清问题出在哪里，艾略特指出了早期分区背后的几个不再成立的假设，自分区开始以来出现的四个新的土地使用驱动因素，以及良好城市治理的基本要素被现行的分区形式所违背。凭借独到的见解和清晰的思路，艾略特确定了10条合理的变革原则，这些原则将避免这些错误，创造更宜居的城市，并使分区更容易理解和使用。他还提出了启动分区改革的五个切实可行的步骤。虽然最近关于分区的讨论集中在城市应该是什么样子，但《更好的分区方式》并没有遵循这一趋势。尽管New Urbanist工具、基于形式的分区和SmartCode在规划专业内外都成为头条新闻，但Elliott认为，作为大城市分区的一般方法，它们都有局限性。虽然这三种趋势都包含了该行业急需的创新，但它们有时会被误用在效果不佳的情况下。相比之下，《分区的更好方式》提供了分区的未来愿景，它不局限于城市应该是什么样子的特定图景，而是基于城市应该如何运作。
Nearly all large American cities rely on zoning to regulate land use. According to Donald L. Elliott, however, zoning often discourages the very development that bigger cities need and want. In fact, Elliott thinks that zoning has become so complex that it is often dysfunctional and in desperate need of an overhaul. "A Better Way to Zone" explains precisely what has gone wrong and how it can be fixed."A Better Way to Zone" explores the constitutional and legal framework of zoning, its evolution over the course of the twentieth century, the reasons behind major reform efforts of the past, and the adverse impacts of most current city zoning systems. To unravel what has gone wrong, Elliott identifies several assumptions behind early zoning that no longer hold true, four new land use drivers that have emerged since zoning began, and basic elements of good urban governance that are violated by prevailing forms of zoning. With insight and clarity, Elliott then identifies ten sound principles for change that would avoid these mistakes, produce more livable cities, and make zoning simpler to understand and use. He also proposes five practical steps to get started on the road to zoning reform.While recent discussion of zoning has focused on how cities should look, "A Better Way to Zone" does not follow that trend. Although New Urbanist tools, form-based zoning, and the SmartCode are making headlines both within and outside the planning profession, Elliott believes that each has limitations as a general approach to big city zoning. While all three trends include innovations that the profession badly needs, they are sometimes misapplied to situations where they do not work well. In contrast, "A Better Way to Zone" provides a vision of the future of zoning that is not tied to a particular picture of how cities should look, but is instead based on how cities should operate.