Modelling of indoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the UK
Modelling of indoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the UK
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DOI：
10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00176-x
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kinnersley, RP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dimitroulopoulou, C;Ashmore, MR;Kinnersley, RP
本文建立了一个动态多室计算机模型，用以描述确定室内污染物浓度的物理过程，它是室外浓度、室内排放速率和建筑物特性的函数。该模型已被参数化为典型的英国家庭和工作场所，并链接到一个时间-活动模型，以计算代表性的家庭主妇，学生和办公室工作人员，相对于NO2的暴露。选定的城市和农村地点的人口暴露估计数是以超过空气质量标准的年平均数和小时数表示的。估计无污染源家庭的年平均暴露量在5-21 ppb范围内，使用燃气烹饪的家庭在21-27 ppb范围内，各地点和人口群体的情况各不相同。室外暴露对年平均NO2暴露的贡献为5%~ 24%，室外空气的室内渗透为17%~ 86%，燃气烹饪为0%~ 78%。暴露于150 ppb以上的1小时平均浓度的频率非常低，但用煤气做饭的人除外。(C)2000爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
A dynamic multi-compartment computer model has been developed to describe the physical processes determining indoor pollutant concentrations as a function of outdoor concentrations, indoor emission rates and building characteristics. The model has been parameterised for typical UK homes and workplaces and linked to a time-activity model to calculate exposures for a representative homemaker, schoolchild and office worker, with respect to NO2. The estimates of population exposures, for selected urban and rural sites, are expressed in terms of annual means and frequency of hours in which air quality standards are exceeded. The annual mean exposures are estimated to fall within the range of 5-21 ppb for homes with no source, and 21-27 ppb for homes with gas cooking, varying across sites and population groups. The contribution of outdoor exposure to annual mean NO2 exposure varied from 5 to 24%, that of indoor penetration of outdoor air from 17 to 86% and that of gas cooking from 0 to 78%. The frequency of exposure to 1 h mean concentrations above 150 ppb was very low, except for people cooking with gas. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.