Morphological deformities of benthic foraminiferal tests in response to pollution by heavy metals; implications for pollution monitoring
Morphological deformities of benthic foraminiferal tests in response to pollution by heavy metals; implications for pollution monitoring
复制标题
重金属污染引起的底栖有孔虫形态畸形试验；
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Kaminski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Yanko;M. Ahmad;M. Kaminski
对以色列北方地中海沿岸沿着的活有孔虫组合进行了研究。共鉴定出217种底栖有孔虫，其中30%（65种，来自20个钙质科和1个凝集性科）的有孔虫具有11种不同的形态畸形。这些措施包括：错误的盘绕，异常的腔室形状和大小，末轮发育不良，扭曲的腔室排列，额外的腔室，突起，多个孔，不规则的龙骨，孪生，横向不对称和缺乏雕刻。形态畸形与地理纬度、分类位置、生活方式和摄食策略无关。在少数情况下（最多占总活种群的1%），它们可能发生在特定环境条件下特定物种的自然变异范围内。然而，有几个物种显示变形有孔虫在活组合的比例增加，可以造成低盐度（例如，Adelosina clariarensis）或沉积物内的重金属浓度增加。例如，增加变形Amphistegina lobifera表明增加镉，Cibicides advenum -铬，Pseudotriloculina subgranulata -钛浓度在沉积物中。最高浓度的镉是由于粗碳酸盐基板附近的硬理由，而铬和钛有很强的亲和力，富含有机质的泥质粘土基板。试验变形的底栖有孔虫似乎是敏感的现场监测海洋重金属污染。然而，控制测试畸形发展的生化和晶体学机制仍有待于在受控条件下通过培养实验进行研究。
Live foraminiferal assemblages were studied along the Mediterranean coast of northern Israel. Two hundred seventeen benthic foraminiferal species were identified, 30% of which (65 species from 20 calcareous families and one agglutinated family) exhibited 11 distinct types of morphological deformities of their tests. These include: wrong coiling, aberrant chamber shape and size, poor development of the last whorl, twisted chamber arrangement, additional chambers, protuberances, multiple apertures, irregular keel, twinning, lateral asymmetry, and lack of sculpture. Morphological deformities are independent of latitude, taxonomic position, mode of life and feeding strategy of foraminifera. In small numbers (up to 1% of total live population) they can occur within the range of natural variability of a given species in given environmental conditions. However, several species display an increase in the proportion of deformed foraminifera in live assemblages that can be caused by low salinity (e,g,, for Adelosina cliarensis) or by an increase in concentrations of heavy metals within the sediment. For example, an increase in deformed Amphistegina lobifera indicates an increase in Cd, Cibicides advenum - Cr, Pseudotriloculina subgranulata - Ti concentrations in sediments. The highest concentrations of Cd are attributed to coarse carbonate substrates adjacent to hard grounds, while Cr and Ti have a strong affinity to muddy-clay substrates enriched with organic matter. Test deformities of benthic foraminifera appear to be sensitive in situ monitors of marine pollution by heavy metals. However, the biochemical and crystallographic mechanisms controlling the development of test deformities remain to be studied by culture experiments under controlled conditions.