Executive functioning and disinhibited eating in children and adolescents
Executive functioning and disinhibited eating in children and adolescents
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DOI：
10.1111/ijpo.12614
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发表时间：
2020-02-09
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Yanovski, Jack A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelly, Nichole R.;Jaramillo, Manuela;Yanovski, Jack A.
背景：执行功能障碍可能与调节饮食行为的问题有关。很少有研究在年轻人中使用不同的EF测量或能量摄入的客观测量来评估这个问题。方法本研究采用神经心理学任务和实验室测试餐来评估EF与青少年去抑制饮食模式之间的联系。225名未寻求治疗的青年（M年龄= 13.1 +/- 2.8岁；M bmi = 0.6 +/- 1.0； 33.2%超重；54.1%女性）完成了测量决策、一般和特定食物的行为解除抑制、延迟食物和金钱满足感的意愿、认知灵活性和工作记忆的任务。年龄（儿童vs青少年）是一个调节因素。所有的分析都校正了人口统计学因素、青春期状态、瘦质量（kg）、脂肪质量（%）、身高、一般智力功能和抑郁症状。结果在调整多重比较后，在所有年龄段中，更普遍的行为去抑制与更多的总能量摄入相关（P = 0.02），更差的认知灵活性与更多的脂肪摄入相关（P = 0.03）。儿童较差的决策能力（P = 0.04）与较高的脂肪摄入量有关，而青少年则不然（P = 0.24）。特定食物的行为解除抑制，对食物和金钱奖励延迟满足的能力，以及工作记忆，与年轻人在一顿饭中解除抑制的饮食模式没有显著关联。结论EF的大部分区域与青少年的去抑制性饮食无关。重要的关联可能强调需要针对特定的认知过程，特别是行为去抑制、决策和认知灵活性，在儿童去抑制饮食的潜在干预策略中。
Background Executive functioning (EF) difficulties may be associated with problems regulating eating behaviours. Few studies have evaluated this question in youth using diverse measures of EF or objective measures of energy intake.Methods The current study used neuropsychological tasks and a laboratory test meal to evaluate the links between EF and youth's disinhibited eating patterns. Two-hundred-five nontreatment seeking youth (M age = 13.1 +/- 2.8 years; M BMIz = 0.6 +/- 1.0; 33.2% overweight; 54.1% female) completed tasks measuring decision making, general and food-specific behavioural disinhibition, willingness to delay gratification for food and money, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Age (children vs adolescents) was examined as a moderator. All analyses adjusted for demographic factors, pubertal status, lean mass (kg), fat mass (%), height, general intellectual functioning, and depressive symptoms.Results After adjusting for multiple comparisons, more general behavioural disinhibition was associated with greater total energy intake (P = .02), and poorer cognitive flexibility was associated with more fat intake (P = .03) across all ages. Poorer decision making in children (P = .04), but not adolescents (P = .24), was associated with greater fat intake. Food-specific behavioural disinhibition, the ability to delay gratification for both food and monetary rewards, and working memory were not significantly associated with youth's disinhibited eating patterns during a single meal.Conclusions Most domains of EF were not associated with youth's disinhibited eating. Significant associations may highlight the need to target specific cognitive processes, particularly behavioural disinhibition, decision making, and cognitive flexibility, in potential intervention strategies for children's disinhibited eating.