The influence of marijuana use on neurocognitive functioning in adolescents.
The influence of marijuana use on neurocognitive functioning in adolescents.
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DOI：
10.2174/1874473710801010099
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alecia D. Schweinsburg;S. Brown;S. Tapert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alecia D. Schweinsburg;S. Brown;S. Tapert
在青少年时期，滥用避孕药是很常见的，但神经方面的后果还没有得到很好的描述。本综述旨在确定青少年大量使用大麻是否与持续的神经认知异常有关，以及青少年是否比成年人更容易受到长期使用大麻的影响。在大量使用大麻的成年人中，神经认知缺陷在使用后的几天内很明显，但在禁欲一个月后可能会消失。对青少年重度使用者的研究发现，在停止使用后六周内，学习和工作记忆都会受损，这表明这种影响是持续的，但也提出了一种可能性，即随着更长时间的禁欲，异常情况可能会缓解。鉴于青少年时期持续的神经成熟，青少年可能比成年人更容易受到大麻使用的潜在后果的影响。这得到了啮齿动物模型的支持，这些模型显示，与成年人相比，青少年暴露于大麻素的动物记忆障碍更大。此外，在青春期早期开始使用的成年人比后来开始使用的人表现出更大的功能障碍。总之，这些结果表明，青少年比成年人更容易受到与长期大量使用大麻相关的神经认知异常的影响;然而，预先存在的风险因素的影响尚不清楚。青少年表现出持续的赤字与大量使用大麻至少六个星期后停止，特别是在学习，记忆和工作记忆的领域。此外，青少年似乎比成年人更容易受到大量使用的不利影响。纵向研究将有助于确定是否预先存在的差异有助于这些异常。
Marijuana use is common in adolescence, yet neural consequences have not been well delineated. This review seeks to ascertain whether heavy marijuana use in adolescence is associated with persistent neurocognitive abnormalities, and whether adolescents are more vulnerable to the impact of chronic marijuana use than adults. Among heavy marijuana using adults, neurocognitive deficits are apparent for several days following use, but may disappear after one month of abstinence. Studies of adolescent heavy users have identified impairments in learning and working memory up to six weeks after cessation, suggesting persisting effects, yet raise the possibility that abnormalities may remit with a longer duration of abstinence. Given ongoing neuromaturation during youth, adolescents may be more vulnerable to potential consequences of marijuana use than adults. This is supported by rodent models, which show greater memory impairments in animals exposed to cannabinoids as adolescents relative to those exposed as adults. Further, adult humans who initiated use in early adolescence show greater dysfunction than those who began use later. Together, these results suggest that adolescents are more vulnerable than adults to neurocognitive abnormalities associated with chronic heavy marijuana use; however, the impact of preexisting risk factors is unknown. Adolescents demonstrate persisting deficits related to heavy marijuana use for at least six weeks following discontinuation, particularly in the domains of learning, memory, and working memory. Further, adolescents appear more adversely affected by heavy use than adults. Longitudinal studies will help ascertain whether preexisting differences contribute to these abnormalities.