Genetic Variation of Nine Chicken Breeds Collected from Different Altitudes Revealed by Microsatellites
Genetic Variation of Nine Chicken Breeds Collected from Different Altitudes Revealed by Microsatellites
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微卫星揭示不同海拔9个鸡品种的遗传变异
DOI：
10.2141/jpsa.0160033
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Zhao, Xiaoling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Long, Ailin;Qing, Ying;Zhao, Xiaoling
利用19个微卫星标记对我国低、中、高海拔地区9个地方鸡品种（共256个）的遗传多态性进行了研究，并对这些地方鸡品种的群体遗传多样性和群体结构进行了分析。所有品种被分为三组，包括高藏鸡（T）和灰鸡（G），海拔在1000 m以上;中间城口山鸡（CK）、九原鸡（JY）和彭县黄鸡（PY），海拔高度在500 ~ 1000 m之间海拔500 m以下的有大宁河鸡（DH）、流苏鸡（TF）、固始鸡（GS）和文昌鸡（WC）。结果表明，平均等位基因数（Na）为17.05，平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0.767，平均期望杂合度（He）为0.662，平均观察杂合度（Ho）为0.647。AMOVA分析结果表明，居群间的遗传变异主要存在于个体内（80%）。3个海拔高度组间无遗传变异（0%）。群体内个体间平均近交系数为0.031，平均基因流为1.790。群内种群间平均近交系数为0.157。所有位点均偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。遗传距离为0.090 ~ 0.704。一般来说，遗传变异主要由居群间和个体内的变异组成。所检测的位点在群体中具有丰富的基因多样性。同时，种群间存在着频繁的基因交换。这可能导致边缘物种的灭绝，例如藏鸡品种。
Genetic polymorphisms of 19 microsatellites were investigated in nine local chicken breeds collected from low, middle and high altitudes areas in China (total number was 256) and their population genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed. All breeds were assigned into three groups, including the high (Tibetan chicken (T) and Grey chicken (G), their altitudes were above 1000 m); middle (Chengkou mountainous chicken (CK), Jiuyuan chicken (JY) and Pengxian yellow chicken (PY), their altitudes were between 500 and 1000 m), and low groups (Da ninghe chicken (DH), Tassel first chicken (TF), Gushi chicken (GS) and Wenchang chicken (WC), their altitudes were below 500 m). We found 780 genotypes and 324 alleles via the 19 microsatellites primers, and the results showed that the mean number of alleles (Na) was 17.05; the average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.767; the mean expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.662; as for observed heterozygosity (Ho), it was 0.647. The AMOVA results indicated the genetic variation mainly existed within individuals among populations (80%). There was no genetic variation among the three altitude groups (0%). The mean inbreeding coefficient among individuals within population (FIS) was 0.031 and the mean gene flow (Nm) was 1.790. The mean inbreeding coefficient among populations within a group (FST) was 0.157. All loci deviated Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genetic distance ranged from 0.090 to 0.704. Generally, genetic variations were mainly made up of the variations among populations and within individuals. There were rich gene diversities in the populations for the detected loci. Meanwhile, frequent genes exchange existed among the populations. This can lead to extinction of the peripheral species, such as the Tibetan chicken breed.