Prejudice, Contact, and Threat at the Diversity-Segregation Nexus: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of How Ethnic Out-Group Size and Segregation Interrelate for Inter-Group Relations
Prejudice, Contact, and Threat at the Diversity-Segregation Nexus: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of How Ethnic Out-Group Size and Segregation Interrelate for Inter-Group Relations
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DOI：
10.1093/sf/soy079
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Hewstone, Miles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laurence, James;Schmid, Katharina;Hewstone, Miles
广泛的研究探讨了社会中不断增加的族群外人口如何影响族群间的态度。根据威胁和接触假设，本研究开发并测试了一个框架，以检验隔离在群体外规模/偏见关系中的作用。我们认为，一个社区中少数民族比例的增加是否会产生接触和/或感知威胁的过程，将取决于群体之间的隔离程度。反过来，这将决定高少数族裔社区对群体间态度的影响是积极的、消极的还是无效的。利用英国白人个体的数据，我们观察到社区隔离调节了社区非白人英国人百分比对偏见的影响，以及积极群体间接触和感知威胁的机制。同质性更强的社区的居民表示，无论他们的种族隔离程度如何，他们对群体间的态度相对温和。居住在高比例的外群体中的居民报告说，他们的外群体态度有所改善。只有生活在庞大的外群体人口中的居民，在这些人口中，群体之间的隔离程度更高，少数民族比例高，种族隔离程度高，他们才会对外群体态度冷淡。这种较高的偏见是由这些社区中较少的积极接触和较高的感知威胁驱动的。使用两波队列面板数据，纵向分析为支持多样性-隔离联系框架提供了更有力的证据：种族混合和隔离程度越高的社区，偏见就会增加，而种族混合和融合程度越高的社区，关系就会稳定，或者在某种程度上有所改善。总的来说，本文表明，积极接触和威胁的机制似乎取决于一个地区外群体的规模以及群体之间的隔离方式，这在何时以及如何增加种族外群体规模影响群体间关系方面产生了关键差异。
Extensive research explores how increasing ethnic out-group populations in society affects inter-group attitudes. Drawing on the threat and contact hypotheses, this study develops and tests a framework examining the role of segregation in the out-group size/prejudice relationship. We suggest that whether increasing minority share in a community generates processes of contact and/or perceived threat will depend on how segregated groups are from one another. This, in turn, will determine when high minority share communities have positive, negative, or null effects on inter-group attitudes. Using data from white British individuals in England, we observe that community segregation moderates the effect of community percent non-white British on prejudice, as well as mechanisms of positive inter-group contact and perceived threat. Residents of more homogeneous communities report relatively warm inter-group attitudes, regardless of how segregated they are. Residents living among high proportions of out-group where the groups are integrated report an improvement in out-group attitudes. It is only residents living among large out-group populations where groups are more segregated from one anotheruat the nexus of high minority share and high segregationuwho report colder out-group attitudes. This higher prejudice is driven by both lower positive contact and higher perceived threat in these communities. Using two waves of cohort panel data, longitudinal analysis provides more robust evidence in support of the diversity-segregation nexus framework: communities becoming more ethnically mixed and segregated see prejudice increase, while those becoming more mixed and integrated see stable, or somewhat improving, relations. Collectively, this paper shows that mechanisms of positive contact and threat appear conditional on both the size of out-groups in an area and how segregated groups are from one another, generating key differences in when and how increasing ethnic out-group size affects inter-group relations.