Developing publicly acceptable tree health policy: public perceptions of tree-breeding solutions to ash dieback among interested publics in the UK.
Developing publicly acceptable tree health policy: public perceptions of tree-breeding solutions to ash dieback among interested publics in the UK.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.forpol.2017.03.002
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Arakelyan I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jepson PR;Arakelyan I
英国需要制定有效的政策应对树木病原体和害虫的传播。这已经被赋予了政治紧迫性，因为媒体和其他评论与一种疾病的到来有关，这种疾病会导致欧洲白蜡树（白蜡树）的“枯死”--一种具有深厚文化联系的树种。2014年，英国政府发布了一项植物生物安全战略，并投资了与此相关的研究以制定政策。本文报道了一项调查的结果，知情的英国公众对各种潜在的战略，以处理灰枯梢病，包括“没有行动”的可接受性。在2015年夏天，我们对1152名受访者进行了面对面的调查，他们参加了三个主要的乡村活动，吸引了对乡村感兴趣的不同公众：土地所有者和土地管理者;自然主义者和园丁。我们发现，英国公众谁是可能从事话语和政治（通过写信，请愿书等）。对于白蜡树枯死的问题，a）关心这个问题，B）想要积极的响应，c）在林业或生态环境中不真正区分白蜡树，以及d）更喜欢传统的育种解决方案。此外，e）年轻人和园丁对转基因育种技术持开放态度，但f）政策授权的自然主义者更有可能反对转基因。我们认为，这些发现为科学和政策提供了三个“方向盘”：1）政策需要包括一个积极的干预部分，涉及抗病树木的育种，2）利用转基因技术发展抗病能力可以是树木育种政策的一部分，（3）需要与公众积极对话，以管理对科学和政策控制树木疾病的程度的期望，或者换句话说，为树木病害可能会继续下去的前景建立可接受性。在英国乡村活动中的一项调查发现，公众希望有关当局介入管理白蜡树枯死病。采用传统方法在原生白蜡树中培育抗病性是最可接受的解决方案。然而，我们发现大量的支持顺式遗传育种的解决方案，但较少的反式转基因方法。园丁和年轻受访者对转基因方法的支持率更高。在英国的树木健康政策应保留一个积极的干预成分，涉及树木育种解决方案的发展。
The UK needs to develop effective policy responses to the spread of tree pathogens and pests. This has been given the political urgency following the media and other commentary associated with the arrival of a disease that causes ‘dieback’ of European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) - a tree species with deep cultural associations. In 2014 the UK government published a plant biosecurity strategy and linked to this invested in research to inform policy. This paper reports the findings of a survey of informed UK publics on the acceptability of various potential strategies to deal with ash dieback, including “no action”. During the summer of 2015, we conducted a face-to-face survey of 1152 respondents attending three major countryside events that attract distinct publics interested in the countryside: landowners & land managers; naturalists and gardeners. We found that UK publics who are likely to engage discursively and politically (through letter writing, petitions etc.) with the issue of ash dieback a) care about the issue, b) want an active response, c) do not really distinguish between ash trees in forestry or ecological settings, and d) prefer traditional breeding solutions. Further that e) younger people and gardeners are open to GM breeding techniques, but f) the more policy-empowered naturalists are more likely to be anti-GM. We suggest that these findings provide three ‘steers’ for science and policy: 1) policy needs to include an active intervention component involving the breeding of disease-tolerant trees, 2) that the development of disease tolerance using GM-technologies could be part of a tree-breeding policy, and 3) there is a need for an active dialogue with publics to manage expectations on the extent to which science and policy can control tree disease or, put another way, to build acceptability for the prospect that tree diseases may have to run their course. A survey at UK countryside events found that publics expect relevant authorities to intervene to manage ash dieback disease. Breeding disease tolerance within native ash using traditional methods was the most acceptable solution. However, we found substantial levels of support for cis-genetic breeding solutions, but less for trans-GM approaches. Support for GM approaches was higher among gardeners and younger respondents. Tree health policy in the UK should retain an active intervention component involving development of tree-breeding solutions.