Intra‐varietal Diversification in Oat Breeding1
Intra‐varietal Diversification in Oat Breeding1
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燕麦育种中的品种内多样化1
DOI：
10.2134/agronj1952.00021962004400010009x
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发表时间：
1952
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Jensen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Jensen
燕麦在美国的谷物作物中相当独特，因为收获的产品主要用作饲料，对其生长几乎没有地理限制。流行的小麦品种可能具有广泛的适应范围，但由于市场因素的影响，其种植面积往往集中在硬红春小麦地区。相反，流行的燕麦品种在传播上受到限制，只是因为它缺乏对各种环境的适应能力。因此，燕麦品种可以而且确实传播到美国广大地区。 Stakman (17) 和 Stevens (20) 等人指出了品种变化对某些植物病原体种群变化的影响。很明显，植物育种者通过在大面积的燕麦品种上同时释放和繁殖，无意中促进了植物病原体的快速积累和传播，而这些燕麦品种往往具有相同的复杂的疾病易感性。 Stanton 和 Coffman (18) 描述了最近通过美国农业部和几个州农业实验站的合作推出的 18 个燕麦品种。在这18个品种中，有15个是债券相关品种。早些时候，当植物育种家发布了与维多利亚杂交衍生的几个品种时，同样的相似性模式就很明显。很容易看出为什么燕麦育种问题是全国范围的。通过植物育种方法克服燕麦目前的疾病问题并不缺乏信心，但也很明显，这些问题有时需要在比生产新品种所需的最短时间更短的时间内得到解决。今天的冠锈病 45 号品种的问题就是这种情况，人们越来越认识到，像过去那样仅仅生产和销售新的纯系品种可能不足以提供燕麦生产所需的稳定性。这一想法最近在几个要素上达成了相当普遍的共识，这些要素合起来可以概括为“多元化”一词。
OATS is rather unique among grain crops in the United States in that the principal use of the harvested product as feed imposes few geographical limits on its growth. A popular wheat variety may have as wide a range of adaptation yet because of the influence of market factors its acreage will tend to be concentrated in an area as well defined as the hard red spring wheat region. A popular variety of oats on the contrary is limited in its spread only to the degree that it lacks adaptation to various environments. Oat varieties, thus, can and do spread over vast areas of the United States. Stakman (17) and Stevens (20) among others have pointed out the effect of changes in varieties on changes in the population of certain plant pathogens. It seems obvious that the plant breeder has unwittingly aided the rapid build-up and spread of plant pathogens through the simultaneous release and propagation over wide areas of oat varieties which frequently have the same complex of disease susceptibilities. Stanton and Coffman (18) described 18 varieties of oats recently released through the cooperative efforts of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and several state agricultural experiment stations. Of these 18, 15 were Bond-related varieties. The same pattern of similarity was evident earlier when plant breeders released several varieties derived from crosses with Victoria. It can easily be seen why oat breeding problems are national in scope. There is no lack of confidence in overcoming the present disease problems in oats through a plant breeding approach, but it is also clear that these problems sometimes demand a solution within a shorter period than even the minimum time required to produce a new variety. Such is the case with the problem of race 45 of crown rust today, and there is a growing realization that the production and distribution of new pure line varieties alone as in the past may not be a sufficient measure to provide the desired stability in oat production. This thought has recently led to rather general agreement on several elements which together may be summed into the one word diversification.