Cross-pollination benefits differ among oilseed rape varieties.
Cross-pollination benefits differ among oilseed rape varieties.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0021859613000440
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Klein, A. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hudewenz, A.;Pufal, G.;Klein, A. M.
油菜（Brassica napus）是人类消费和生物燃料生产的重要作物，其产量在世界范围内呈增长趋势。一般认为昆虫异花传粉可提高油菜产量，但这方面的试验仅限于少数油菜品种，结果各不相同。本研究通过比较有昆虫和无昆虫情况下的产量来确定异花授粉是否对许多油菜品种有利。选用Sherlock、Traviata、Treffer和Visby 4个油菜籽品种，每个品种10个个体，分别进行4种授粉处理：(1)辅助手传粉，(2)利用能接近花的昆虫开放传粉，(3)风传粉和(4)自主自花传粉。在所有四个品种中，与风媒和自花授粉相比，开放和辅助人工授粉处理的坐果量、每荚种子数和种子产量更高。然而，不同品种的油菜籽的异花授粉效益不同：Treffer和Visby对开放昆虫和辅助异花授粉的依赖程度高于Sherlock和Traviata。在所有四个品种中，种子重量补偿了坐果减少，并且在植物自花授粉时最高。目前的研究结果强调了在作物授粉研究中考虑品种差异的重要性。农民需要关于作物品种授粉需求的信息，以便在农业授粉赤字日益增加的世界中优化管理决策。
Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop for human consumption and biofuel production and its production is increasing worldwide. It is generally assumed that cross-pollination by insects increases oilseed rape yield but testing of this has been restricted to a few rapeseed varieties and produced varying results. The present study determines whether cross-pollination benefits a number of oilseed rape varieties by comparing yield in the presence and absence of insects. Four rapeseed varieties (Sherlock, Traviata, Treffer and Visby) were used with ten individuals each in four pollination treatments: (1) supplementary hand-pollination, (2) open pollination with insects able to access the flowers, (3) wind pollination and (4) autonomous self-pollination. Across all four varieties, open and supplementary hand-pollination treatments resulted in higher fruit set, numbers of seeds per pod and seed yield compared with wind and self-pollination. The cross-pollination benefits, however, differed among rapeseed varieties: Treffer and Visby had a higher dependence on open (insects) and supplementary cross-pollination than Sherlock and Traviata. Across all four varieties, seed weight compensated for reduced fruit set and was highest when plants were self-pollinated. The present results highlight the importance of considering varietal differences in crop pollination research. Information on the pollination requirements of crop varieties is required by farmers to optimize management decisions in a world of increasing agropollination deficits.