The Adult-worker-model Family and Gender Equality: Principles to Enable the Valuing and Sharing of Care
The Adult-worker-model Family and Gender Equality: Principles to Enable the Valuing and Sharing of Care
复制标题
成人工人模式家庭与性别平等：实现护理价值和分享的原则
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Giullari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Lewis;S. Giullari
现在文献中一致认为，男性养家糊口的模式家庭-即男性主要负责挣钱，女性负责无报酬的照料工作-已受到严重侵蚀（Crompton，1999年;刘易斯，2001年a）。人们也基本同意，家庭组成和解散以及参与劳动力市场的实际模式已经改变，但是，如果说有什么变化的话，那就是关于妇女特别应该对家庭作出贡献的规范性观念以及社会和劳动力市场政策的目标仍然发生了更迅速的变化。当然，各国在社会趋势、政策假设和政策制定方面的变化程度有很大差异。但是，鉴于妇女参与劳动力市场的人数稳步上升（在有些国家是急剧上升），加上大规模的家庭变化，导致单亲母亲和单身家庭迅速增加，决策者可能认为有理由作出关于增加个人化的假设，即增加自给自足的程度。然而，在大多数北方和西欧国家，妇女从事非全时工作极为普遍，仅这一点就足以推翻任何这种简单的假设。如何在这一新模式中纳入照料工作也是一个重大问题，但这个问题往往从属于经济和劳动力市场问题，因此在决策中只得到部分承认。
There is now agreement in the literature that the male-breadwinner-model family, in which men took primary responsibility for earning and women for the unpaid work of care, has been substantially eroded (Crompton 1999; Lewis 2001a). There is also substantial agreement that the actual patterns of family formation and dissolution and labour-market participation have changed, but there has been, if anything, a more rapid shift still in normative ideas about the contributions that women especially should make to families, and in the goals of social and labour-market policies. There is of course substantial variation between countries in the degree of change in social trends, policy assumptions and policy development. But given the steady (and in some countries dramatic) rise in female labour-market participation together with large-scale family change, which has resulted in a rapid increase in lone-mother and single-person households, policy-makers may feel justified in making assumptions regarding increasing individualization, in the sense of increasing self-sufficiency. However, parttime employment for women is extremely common in most Northern and Western European countries, which alone is sufficient to undermine any such simple assumption. How care work is to be accommodated in this new model is also a major issue, but one that has often been subordinated to economic and labour-market concerns and hence has received only partial acknowledgement in policymaking.