Inflammation-induced plasticity of the afferent innervation of the airways
Inflammation-induced plasticity of the afferent innervation of the airways
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DOI：
10.2307/3454671
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Undem, BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carr, MJ;Undem, BJ
支配气道的初级传入神经元的激活导致稳态和防御反射。这些传入纤维的解剖学和生理学特征似乎不是静态的，而是似乎响应炎症而快速变化。例如，气道传入神经元对各种刺激的激活阈值是不固定的；这些纤维在炎症过程中会变得敏感。伤害感受样（C 纤维）气道传入神经元的一个子集不仅参与中枢介导的反射，而且还被认为在其外周末端释放神经肽，导致神经源性炎症。速激肽含量的增加常见于发炎组织，并且越来越多的证据表明，气道的刺激和炎症与非伤害性气道传入纤维中速激肽合成的诱导有关，这些纤维在正常条件下不含有神经肽。气道末梢和脑干中央末梢释放的神经激肽可能导致炎症性气道疾病的症状。外周末梢神经激肽释放的增加可能会促进局部炎症反应，而脑干中神经激肽的释放，加上炎症引起的传入纤维兴奋性的增加，可能最终导致内脏自主反射活动改变、呼吸模式改变和咳嗽。
The activation of primary afferent neurons that innervate the airways leads to homeostatic and defensive reflexes. The anatomic and physiologic characteristics of these afferent fibers do not appear to be static properties but rather appear to change rapidly in response to inflammation. The threshold for activation of airway afferent neurons to various stimuli, for example, is not fixed; these fibers can be become sensitized during inflammation. A subset of nociceptive-like (C-fibers) airway afferent neurons not only participates in centrally mediated reflexes but is also thought to release neuropeptides at their peripheral terminals, leading to neurogenic inflammation. An increase in the content of tachykinins is commonly seen in inflamed tissues, and there is accumulating evidence that irritation and inflammation of the airways is associated with the induction of tachykinin synthesis in non-nociceptive airway afferent fibers that under normal conditions do not contain neuropeptides. The release of neurokinins from the peripheral terminals in the airways and their central terminals in the brain stem may contribute to the symptoms of inflammatory airway diseases. Elevated release of neurokinins from peripheral terminals may promote local inflammatory responses, and the release of neurokinins in the brainstem, together with inflammation-induced increases in the excitability of afferent fibers, may culminate in altered visceral autonomic reflex activity, changes in breathing pattern, and cough.