Context Dependence, Disagreement, and Predicates of Personal Taste*
Context Dependence, Disagreement, and Predicates of Personal Taste*
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上下文依赖、分歧和个人品味的谓词*
DOI：
10.1007/s10988-005-0596-x
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Peter Lasersohn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peter Lasersohn
本文认为，含有趣味性或趣味性等“个人品味”谓词的句子的真值必须与个体相关。这种相对化只具有真理价值，并不涉及语义内容的相对化：如果你说过山车有趣，而我说它们不有趣，我是在否定你断言的相同内容，并直接与你相矛盾。尽管如此，我们的两个话语都可能是真的(相对于它们各自的上下文)。提出了一种形式化的语义理论，它通过引入一个单独的索引，类似于常用的世界和时间索引，并将语用语境视为为该索引提供了一个特定值，从而给出了这一结果。语境在从内容中得出真值时提供这种价值，而不是在从性格中得出内容时提供这种价值。因此，个人品味的谓词在解释上表现出一种语境变异，这不同于代词和其他指示语所表现出的熟悉的变异。
This paper argues that truth values of sentences containing predicates of “personal taste” such as fun or tasty must be relativized to individuals. This relativization is of truth value only, and does not involve a relativization of semantic content: If you say roller coasters are fun, and I say they are not, I am negating the same content which you assert, and directly contradicting you. Nonetheless, both our utterances can be true (relative to their separate contexts). A formal semantic theory is presented which gives this result by introducing an individual index, analogous to the world and time indices commonly used, and by treating the pragmatic context as supplying a particular value for this index. The context supplies this value in the derivation of truth values from content, not in the derivation of content from character. Predicates of personal taste therefore display a kind of contextual variation in interpretation which is unlike the familiar variation exhibited by pronouns and other indexicals.