Dietary protein modifies effect of plant extracts in the intestinal ecosystem of the pig at weaning
Dietary protein modifies effect of plant extracts in the intestinal ecosystem of the pig at weaning
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DOI：
10.2527/jas.2008-1210
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gasa, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manzanilla, E. G.;Perez, J. F.;Gasa, J.
本实验中使用的植物提取物混合物（XT）含有香芹酚、肉桂醛和辣椒油树脂，先前已被证明可以降低断奶后猪的腹泻死亡率并改善肠道环境。然而，实验结果并不一致。我们推测膳食蛋白质可能是决定植物提取物对肠道环境影响的主要因素。因此，在本研究中，我们评估了XT在不同蛋白质来源和数量的仔猪日粮中的影响。20 +/- 1日龄断奶仔猪（n = 240头）被分配到6个处理中的1个，按因子排列，其中2个处理（以饲料为基础）为XT(0和200 mg/kg)， 3个饲粮中添加不同量的CP和蛋白质来源。饲料FM18中低温鱼粉（LT-FM）含量为10%，CP含量为18%；日粮SBM18含5%的LT-FM + 9%的全脂膨化大豆，CP水平为18%；SBM20日粮中添加10%的LT-FM + 6.3%的全脂膨化大豆，CP水平为20%。记录动物生长性能14 d，各处理间无差异。每次处理杀死8头猪，以检查描述胃肠道生态方面的变量。对于添加18% CP、FM18和SBM18的饲粮，XT有降低OM回肠消化率（P分别为0.064和0.071）和淀粉消化率（P分别为0.032和0.014）的趋势。对空肠近端绒毛长度（P = 0.003和0.013）和上皮内淋巴细胞数量（P = 0.051和0.100）均有减少的趋势。在所有饲粮中，XT均提高了回肠乳酸菌与肠杆菌的比例（P = 0.017），降低了盲肠VFA的产量（P = 0.045）。CP水平的降低似乎对所研究的植物提取物的效果有积极或消极的影响，这取决于所测量的变量。作者观察到，XT产生的微生物差异可能是在更强的挑战性条件下（例如，更脏的环境或断奶后长时间禁食）改善消化健康的原因。
The plant extract mixture (XT) used in the present experiment, containing carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and capsicum oleoresin, has previously been shown to decrease diarrhea mortality and to modify the intestinal environment of pigs after weaning. However, results obtained among experiments have not been consistent. We hypothesized that dietary protein could be a main factor determining the effect of plant extracts on intestinal environment. Thus, in the present study we assessed the effects of XT in piglet diets with different protein sources and amounts. Pigs weaned at 20 +/- 1 d of age (n = 240) were allocated to 1 of 6 treatments, which followed a factorial arrangement, with 2 amounts (as-fed basis) of the XT (0 and 200 mg/kg) and 3 diets with various amounts of CP and protein sources. Diet FM18 contained 10% of low-temperature fish meal (LT-FM) and a CP level of 18%; diet SBM18 contained 5% of LT-FM plus 9% of full fat extruded soy and a CP level of 18%; and SBM20 diet contained 10% of LT-FM plus 6.3% of full fat extruded soy and a CP level of 20%. Growth performance of the animals was recorded for 14 d, but no differences were detected among treatments. Eight pigs per treatment were killed to examine variables describing aspects of gastrointestinal ecology. For diets containing 18% CP, FM18 and SBM18, XT tended to decrease ileal digestibility of OM (P = 0.064 and 0.071, respectively) and decreased starch digestibility (P = 0.032 and 0.014, respectively). It also reduced villi length (P = 0.003 and 0.013, respectively) and tended to decrease intraepithelial lymphocyte number (P = 0.051 and 0.100, respectively) in the proximal jejunum. The XT inclusion also increased ileal lactobacilli: enterobacteria (P = 0.017) ratio and decreased VFA production in the cecum (P = 0.045) for all diets. A decreased CP level appeared to favor the effects of the studied plant extracts in a positive or negative way depending on the variable measured. The microbial differences produced by XT could be the reason for improved digestive health observed by the authors in stronger challenging conditions (e. g., dirtier environments or long fasting periods after weaning).