The impact of smoke-free workplaces on declining cigarette consumption in Australia and the United States
The impact of smoke-free workplaces on declining cigarette consumption in Australia and the United States
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.89.7.1018
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发表时间：
1999-07-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Woodward, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, S;Borland, R;Woodward, S
目标.这项研究估计了无烟工作场所对澳大利亚和美国最近全国卷烟消费下降的贡献。回顾了19项关于无烟工作场所对工作日卷烟消费影响的研究。计算放弃香烟的数量和成本，并外推到所有室内工作区域都无烟的情况下。在19项研究中，18项报告了每日吸烟率的下降，17项报告了吸烟率的下降。无烟工作场所目前每年减少约6.02亿支香烟，占澳大利亚可能消耗的所有香烟的1.8%，美国每年减少97亿支香烟（2%）。1988年至1995年间，澳大利亚卷烟消费量减少了27亿支，其中约22.3%可归因于无烟工作场所，美国1988年至1994年间减少的765亿支卷烟中有12.7%可归因于无烟工作场所。如果工作场所普遍禁烟，澳大利亚每年放弃的香烟数量将增加到11.4亿支（3.4%），美国为209亿支（4.1%）。
Objectives. This study estimates the contribution of smoke-free workplaces to the recent national declines in cigarette consumption in Australia and the United States.Methods. Nineteen studies of the impact of smoke-free workplaces on workday cigarette consumption were reviewed. The number and cost of cigarettes forgone were calculated and extrapolated to a scenario in which all indoor work areas were smoke-free.Results. Of the 19 studies, 18 reported declines in daily smoking rates, and 17 reported declines in smoking prevalence. Smoke-free workplaces are currently responsible for an annual reduction of some 602 million cigarettes, or 1.8% of all cigarettes that might otherwise be consumed, in Australia, and an annual reduction of 9.7 billion cigarettes (2%) in the United States. Approximately 22.3% of the 2.7 billion decrease in cigarette consumption in Australia between 1988 and 1995 can be attributed to smoke-free workplaces, as can 12.7% of the 76.5 billion decrease in the United States between 1988 and 1994.Conclusions. If workplaces were universally smoke-free, the number of cigarettes forgone annually would increase to 1.14 billion (3.4%) in Australia and 20.9 billion (4.1%) in the United States.