The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Galaxies within 500 Mpc
The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Galaxies within 500 Mpc
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DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/abfcd3
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发表时间：
2021-01
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通讯作者：
Z. Arzoumanian;P. Baker;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;B. Bécsy;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;M. DeCesar;P. Demorest;T. Dolch;R. D. Elliott;J. Ellis;E. Ferrara;E. Fonseca;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;D. Good;J. Hazboun;K. Islo;R. Jennings;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;J. Key;M. Lam;T. Lazio;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;Chung-Pei Ma;D. Madison;M. Mclaughlin;C. Mingarelli;C. Ng;D. Nice;T. Pennucci;N. Pol;S. Ransom;P. Ray;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;R. Spiewak;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;J. Swiggum;S. Taylor;M. Vallisneri;S. Vigeland;C. Witt;The NANOGrav Collaboration
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作者：
Z. Arzoumanian;P. Baker;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;B. Bécsy;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;M. DeCesar;P. Demorest;T. Dolch;R. D. Elliott;J. Ellis;E. Ferrara;E. Fonseca;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;D. Good;J. Hazboun;K. Islo;R. Jennings;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;J. Key;M. Lam;T. Lazio;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;Chung-Pei Ma;D. Madison;M. Mclaughlin;C. Mingarelli;C. Ng;D. Nice;T. Pennucci;N. Pol;S. Ransom;P. Ray;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;R. Spiewak;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;J. Swiggum;S. Taylor;M. Vallisneri;S. Vigeland;C. Witt;The NANOGrav Collaboration
超大质量黑洞双星（SMBHB）经常在星系核中形成，这是星系合并的结果。在亚秒差距的距离，双星成为低频引力波（GW）的强源，脉冲星定时阵列的目标。我们使用最近的上限连续GW从北美纳赫兹引力波天文台（NANOGrav）11年的数据集放置在附近的大质量星系的假定SMBHB的约束。我们编制了一个包含本地宇宙中约44，000个星系（红移至0.05）的综合星表，并在其中填充了假设的双星，假设双星的总质量等于从全局标度关系导出的SMBH质量。假设圆形等质量双星发射在NANOGrav的最敏感的频率为8 nHz，我们发现，216个星系在NANOGrav的敏感体积。我们通过计算此类二进制文件在NANOGrav阵列中引起的总信噪比，根据GW的可检测性对潜在的SMBHB进行排名。我们对这216颗假想双星的啁啾质量和质量比进行了限制。对于19个星系，只有非常不等质量的双星是允许的，次级星系的质量小于主星系的10%，大致相当于银河系中SMBHB的限制。然而，我们证明了质量测量中的（通常较大的）不确定性会削弱啁啾质量的上限。此外，我们能够排除主要合并（质量比至少为1/4）为这些星系的几个交付的双星。我们还得出了纯粹基于GW数据的主要合并所交付的二进制文件密度的第一个限制。
Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) should form frequently in galactic nuclei as a result of galaxy mergers. At subparsec separations, binaries become strong sources of low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs), targeted by Pulsar Timing Arrays. We used recent upper limits on continuous GWs from the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) 11 yr data set to place constraints on putative SMBHBs in nearby massive galaxies. We compiled a comprehensive catalog of ∼44,000 galaxies in the local universe (up to redshift ∼0.05) and populated them with hypothetical binaries, assuming that the total mass of the binary is equal to the SMBH mass derived from global scaling relations. Assuming circular equal-mass binaries emitting at NANOGrav’s most sensitive frequency of 8 nHz, we found that 216 galaxies are within NANOGrav’s sensitivity volume. We ranked the potential SMBHBs based on GW detectability by calculating the total signal-to-noise ratio such binaries would induce within the NANOGrav array. We placed constraints on the chirp mass and mass ratio of the 216 hypothetical binaries. For 19 galaxies, only very unequal-mass binaries are allowed, with the mass of the secondary less than 10% that of the primary, roughly comparable to constraints on an SMBHB in the Milky Way. However, we demonstrated that the (typically large) uncertainties in the mass measurements can weaken the upper limits on the chirp mass. Additionally, we were able to exclude binaries delivered by major mergers (mass ratio of at least 1/4) for several of these galaxies. We also derived the first limit on the density of binaries delivered by major mergers purely based on GW data.