Defect-induced electronic states amplify the cellular toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles
Defect-induced electronic states amplify the cellular toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles
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DOI：
10.1080/17435390.2019.1668067
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发表时间：
2019-09-20
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Brown, Jared M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Persaud, Indushekhar;Raghavendra, Achyut J.;Brown, Jared M.
氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）用于许多应用，包括防晒霜，化妆品，纺织品和电气设备。消费者和职业暴露于ZnO纳米颗粒的增加可能会造成毒性风险。虽然许多研究已经检查了ZnO纳米颗粒的毒性，但关于批次间变化引起的固有缺陷的毒理学影响知之甚少。据推测，ZnO纳米颗粒中存在不同的化学缺陷将导致大鼠主动脉内皮细胞（RAEC）的细胞毒性。制备原始和缺陷ZnO纳米颗粒（氧化，还原和退火），并评估三个主要的细胞结果：细胞毒性/细胞凋亡，活性氧产生和氧化应激，以及内质网（ER）应激。通过X射线光电子能谱和光致发光分析证实了ZnO纳米粒子的化学缺陷。通过细胞活力、ER应激和谷胱甘肽氧化还原电位测量，与原始纳米颗粒相比，在缺陷ZnO纳米颗粒中观察到增加的毒性。确定ZnO NP通过PERK途径诱导ER应力。综上所述，这些结果证明了以前未被认识到的化学缺陷对ZnO纳米颗粒毒性的贡献，这应该在工程纳米材料的风险评估中加以考虑。
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in numerous applications, including sunscreens, cosmetics, textiles, and electrical devices. Increased consumer and occupational exposure to ZnO NPs potentially poses a risk for toxicity. While many studies have examined the toxicity of ZnO NPs, little is known regarding the toxicological impact of inherent defects arising from batch-to-batch variations. It was hypothesized that the presence of varying chemical defects in ZnO NPs will contribute to cellular toxicity in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Pristine and defected ZnO NPs (oxidized, reduced, and annealed) were prepared and assessed three major cellular outcomes; cytotoxicity/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ZnO NPs chemical defects were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence. Increased toxicity was observed in defected ZnO NPs compared to the pristine NPs as measured by cell viability, ER stress, and glutathione redox potential. It was determined that ZnO NPs induced ER stress through the PERK pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrate a previously unrecognized contribution of chemical defects to the toxicity of ZnO NPs, which should be considered in the risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials.