Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities
Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.048
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Lelieveld, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gurjar, B. R.;Butler, T. M.;Lelieveld, J.
存在一些概念和指标来衡量城市地区的社会经济、基础设施和环境相关参数并对其进行排名。世界银行定期发布世界发展指标（WDI），联合国报告城市发展指数（CDI），并根据人口规模对特大城市进行排名。在这里，我们根据微量气体和颗粒物排放以及环境空气质量对特大城市进行评估和排名。除了根据表面积和人口密度对特大城市进行排名外，我们还根据人均、每年和单位表面积的石油一氧化碳 (CO) 排放量对其进行评估。此外，我们根据环境大气中标准污染物的浓度对特大城市进行排名，特别是总悬浮颗粒物 (TSP)、二氧化硫 (SO2) 和二氧化氮 (NO2)。我们根据世界卫生组织 (WHO) 空气质量指南，提出了考虑三种标准污染物（即 TSP、SO2、中二氧化氮）综合水平的多污染物指数 (MPI)。在此处考虑的 18 个特大城市中，有 5 个被列为空气质量“一般”，13 个被列为“差”。 MPI 最高的特大城市达卡、北京、开罗和卡拉奇最迫切需要减少空气污染。 (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Several concepts and indicators exist to measure and rank urban areas in terms of their socio-economic, infrastructural, and environment-related parameters. The World Bank regularly publishes the World Development Indicators (WDI), and the United Nations reports the City Development Index (CDI) and also ranks megacities oil the basis of their population size, Here, we evaluate and rank megacities in terms of their trace gas and particle emissions and ambient air quality. Besides ranking the megacities according to their surface area and population density, we evaluate them based oil carbon monoxide (CO) emissions per capita, per year, and per unit surface area. Further, we rank the megacities according to ambient atmospheric concentrations of criteria pollutants, notably total suspended particles (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We propose a multi-pollutant index (MPI) considering the combined level of the three criteria pollutants (i.e., TSP, SO2, mid NO2) in view of the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Air Quality. Of 18 megacities considered here 5 classify as having "fair" air quality, and 13 as "poor". The megacities with the highest MPI, Dhaka, Beijing, Cairo, and Karachi, most urgently need reduction of air pollution. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.