ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, temperament, and character: Phenotypical associations and etiology in a Swedish childhood twin study
ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, temperament, and character: Phenotypical associations and etiology in a Swedish childhood twin study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.05.009
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Anckarsater, Henrik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kerekes, Nora;Brandstrom, Sven;Anckarsater, Henrik
目的：探讨神经发育障碍注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和人格之间的联系，在人口为基础的，遗传敏感的studyofchildren.Method：一个人口为基础的样本1886双胞胎，年龄为9岁和12岁，丰富的儿童心理健康问题，被招募的儿童和青少年双胞胎研究在瑞典（CATSS）。父母接受了电话采访，使用自闭症抽搐，AD/HD和其他共病（A-TAC）的库存，并在第二步中，他们根据青少年气质和性格量表（JTCI）评定他们的孩子。结果：ADHD与寻求新奇事物密切相关，而ASD与伤害回避呈正相关，与奖励依赖呈负相关。人格特质和神经发育障碍之间的最强关联是自我导向和合作性的性格维度与ADHD和ASD之间的负相关。在单卵双胞胎中，ADHD、ASD和人格维度之间的跨双胞胎跨特质相关性是双卵双胞胎的两倍多，表明神经发育障碍和人格之间的表型协变背后有很强的遗传效应。结论：神经发育障碍与特定的气质特征有关，通常与被称为“性格”的自我管理策略的发展受阻有关。“在将有障碍条件的儿童与那些只让人想起神经发育障碍的儿童分开时，自我代理和合作能力差可能是核心功能结果。神经发育障碍和人格之间的联系至少部分是由于影响这两种情况的遗传效应。因此，人格必须在神经精神病学中得到广泛的考虑，就像神经精神障碍及其遗传、神经发育和认知能力必须在人格研究和临床治疗中得到广泛的考虑一样。(C)2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Objective: To explore the links between neurodevelopmental disorders attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and personality in a population-based, genetically sensitive study of children.Method: A population-based sample of 1886 twins aged 9 and 12, enriched for childhood mental health problems, was recruited from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). Parents were interviewed over the telephone using the Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities (A-TAC) inventory, and in a second step they rated their children according to the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI).Results: ADHD was strongly correlated with novelty seeking, while ASD was correlated positively with harm avoidance and negatively with reward dependence. The strongest associations between personality traits and neurodevelopmental disorders were negative correlations between the character dimensions of self-directedness and cooperativeness and ADHD and ASD alike. Cross-twin cross-trait correlations between ADHD, ASD, and personality dimensions in monozygotic twins were more than double those in dizygotic twins, indicating a strong genetic effect behind the phenotypic covariation between neurodevelopmental disorders and personality.Conclusions: Neurodevelopmental disorders are linked specifically to particular temperament profiles and generally to hampered development of the self-governing strategies referred to as "character." Poor self-agency and cooperation may be core functional outcomes in the separation of children with handicapping conditions from those with traits only reminiscent of neurodevelopmental disorders. The associations between neurodevelopmental disorders and personality are at least partly due to genetic effects influencing both conditions. As a consequence, personality must be broadly considered in neuropsychiatry, just as neuropsychiatric disorders and their genetic, neurodevelopmental, and cognitive susceptibilities have to be in personality research and clinical treatment. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.