Ragulator is a GEF for the rag GTPases that signal amino acid levels to mTORC1.

Ragulator is a GEF for the rag GTPases that signal amino acid levels to mTORC1.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.032
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发表时间:
2012-09-14
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Sabatini DM
Sabatini DM
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bar-Peled L;Schweitzer LD;Zoncu R;Sabatini DM

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mTOR复合物1(mTORC 1)通路促进细胞生长,以响应各种各样的线索,包括生长因子以及能量和氨基酸水平。氨基酸通过Rag GTP酶发出信号,以促进mTORC 1易位至溶酶体表面,即其活化位点。四种哺乳动物Rag蛋白形成由结合到RagC或RagD的RagA或RagB组成的专性异二聚体。Rag GTP酶的一个关键上游组分是Ragulator,这是一种三聚体复合物,将它们束缚在溶酶体上,并与v-ATP酶相互作用,这是mTORC 1传感氨基酸所必需的。氨基酸刺激GTP与RagB的结合,这是传感机制中的关键步骤,但调节Rag核苷酸负载的因素尚不清楚。在这里,我们确定的HBXIP和C7 orf 59基因编码的蛋白质作为新的Ragulator组件,所需的mTORC 1激活的氨基酸。五聚体Ragulator对RagA和RagB具有核苷酸交换活性,并以氨基酸和v-ATP酶依赖性方式与Rag异二聚体相互作用。因此,我们通过揭示Ragulator是Rag GTP酶具有鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(GEF)活性的支架,提供了mTORC 1如何感知氨基酸的机制见解。
The mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway promotes cell growth in response to a diverse set of cues, including growth factors as well as energy and amino acid levels. Amino acids signal through the Rag GTPases to promote the translocation of mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface, its site of activation. The four mammalian Rag proteins form obligate heterodimers consisting of RagA or RagB bound to RagC or RagD. A key upstream component of the Rag GTPases is Ragulator, a trimeric complex that tethers them to the lysosome and also interacts with the v-ATPase, which is necessary for amino acid sensing by mTORC1. Amino acids stimulate the binding of GTP to RagB, a critical step in the sensing mechanism, but the factors that regulate Rag nucleotide loading are unknown. Here, we identify the proteins encoded by the HBXIP and C7orf59 genes as novel Ragulator components that are required for mTORC1 activation by amino acids. The pentameric Ragulator has nucleotide exchange activity towards RagA and RagB and interacts with the Rag heterodimers in an amino acid- and v-ATPase-dependent fashion. Thus, we provide mechanistic insight into how mTORC1 senses amino acids by revealing Ragulator to be a scaffold with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity for the Rag GTPases.
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