Ragulator is a GEF for the rag GTPases that signal amino acid levels to mTORC1.
Ragulator is a GEF for the rag GTPases that signal amino acid levels to mTORC1.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.032
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发表时间:
2012-09-14
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Sabatini DM
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bar-Peled L;Schweitzer LD;Zoncu R;Sabatini DM
The mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway promotes cell growth in response to a diverse set of cues, including growth factors as well as energy and amino acid levels. Amino acids signal through the Rag GTPases to promote the translocation of mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface, its site of activation. The four mammalian Rag proteins form obligate heterodimers consisting of RagA or RagB bound to RagC or RagD. A key upstream component of the Rag GTPases is Ragulator, a trimeric complex that tethers them to the lysosome and also interacts with the v-ATPase, which is necessary for amino acid sensing by mTORC1. Amino acids stimulate the binding of GTP to RagB, a critical step in the sensing mechanism, but the factors that regulate Rag nucleotide loading are unknown. Here, we identify the proteins encoded by the HBXIP and C7orf59 genes as novel Ragulator components that are required for mTORC1 activation by amino acids. The pentameric Ragulator has nucleotide exchange activity towards RagA and RagB and interacts with the Rag heterodimers in an amino acid- and v-ATPase-dependent fashion. Thus, we provide mechanistic insight into how mTORC1 senses amino acids by revealing Ragulator to be a scaffold with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity for the Rag GTPases.
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