The roles and applications of autoantibodies in progression, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of human malignant tumours.
The roles and applications of autoantibodies in progression, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of human malignant tumours.
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自身抗体在人类恶性肿瘤进展、诊断、治疗和预后中的作用和应用。
DOI：
10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.012
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发表时间：
2017-12
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Jing Wu;Xiaobo Li;Wuqi Song;Yong Fang;Li Yu;Siyuan Liu;L. Churilov;Fengmin Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jing Wu;Xiaobo Li;Wuqi Song;Yong Fang;Li Yu;Siyuan Liu;L. Churilov;Fengmin Zhang
针对个体自身蛋白质或核酸的自身抗体的存在已经被证实了 100 多年，并且在很长一段时间内，这些自身抗体被认为与自身免疫性疾病密切相关。然而，近年来，研究人员对自身抗体在人类恶性肿瘤的进展、诊断、治疗和预后中的作用和应用越来越感兴趣。过去几十年来，大量流行病学研究表明，自身免疫性疾病患者患某些癌症的风险显着改变（增加或减少），这表明自身抗体可能在癌症进展中发挥促进或抑制作用。多种癌细胞分泌的一些抗体可以促进其增殖和转移，这一发现特别支持了自身抗体直接参与肿瘤进展的观点。由于癌细胞产生细胞抗原变化（新抗原），从而触发免疫系统产生自身抗体，因此针对肿瘤相关抗原的血清自身抗体已被确立为一种新型癌症生物标志物，并在不同类型的癌症中得到了广泛研究。自身抗体作为癌症诊断中的生物标志物，不仅比抗原更加敏感和特异，而且可以出现在肿瘤的临床证据之前，从而揭示肿瘤。患有某些自身免疫性疾病的患者患癌症风险较低的观察结果表明，某些自身抗体可能可以预防某些癌症。此外，健康个体中自身抗体的存在意味着使用自身抗体来治疗癌症是安全的。值得注意的是，源自狼疮小鼠模型的自身抗体因其对恶性肿瘤细胞具有选择性细胞毒性而不伤害正常细胞而受到广泛关注。这些研究显示了自身抗体在癌症中的治疗价值。在这篇综述中，我们重新审视自身抗体在癌症进展中的病理或保护作用，总结自身抗体在癌症诊断和预后中的应用，并讨论自身抗体在癌症治疗中的价值。迄今为止的研究表明，自身抗体不仅调节癌症进展，而且有望成为肿瘤诊断和治疗的宝贵工具。
The existence of autoantibodies towards an individual's own proteins or nucleic acids has been established for more than 100 years, and for a long period, these autoantibodies have been believed to be closely associated with autoimmune diseases. However, in recent years, researchers have become more interested in the role and application of autoantibodies in progression, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of human malignant tumours. Over the past few decades, numerous epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of certain cancers is significantly altered (increased or decreased) in patients with autoimmune diseases, which suggests that autoantibodies may play either promoting or suppressing roles in cancer progression. The idea that autoantibodies are directly involved in tumour progression gains special support by the findings that some antibodies secreted by a variety of cancer cells can promote their proliferation and metastasis. Because the cancer cells generate cell antigenic changes (neoantigens), which trigger the immune system to produce autoantibodies, serum autoantibodies against tumour-associated antigens have been established as a novel type of cancer biomarkers and have been extensively studied in different types of cancer. The autoantibodies as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis are not only more sensitive and specific than antigens, but also could appear before clinical evidences of the tumours, thus disclosing them. The observations that cancer risk is lower in patients with some autoimmune diseases suggest that certain autoantibodies may be protective from certain cancers. Moreover, the presence of autoantibodies in healthy individuals implies that it could be safe to employ autoantibodies to treat cancer. Of note, an autoantibodies derived from lupus murine model received much attention due to their selective cytotoxicity for malignant tumour cell without harming normal ones. These studies showed the therapeutic value of autoantibodies in cancer. In this review, we revisited the pathological or protective role of autoantibodies in cancer progression, summarize the application of autoantibodies in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and discuss the value of autoantibodies in cancer therapy. The studies established to date suggest that autoantibodies not only regulate cancer progression but also promise to be valuable instruments in oncological diagnosis and therapy.