Immunoassay and GC-MS procedures for the analysis of drugs of abuse in meconium
Immunoassay and GC-MS procedures for the analysis of drugs of abuse in meconium
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DOI：
10.1093/jat/23.6.436
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Walls, HC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ElSohly, MA;Stanford, DF;Walls, HC
胎粪标本分析滥用物质的代谢物是一种相对准确的检测胎儿接触药物的方法。90年代早期以前文献中报道的大多数方法都依赖于放射免疫分析。本研究的目的是建立和验证胎粪样品的制备方法，用于筛选和气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)确认大麻素、可卡因、阿片类、苯丙胺和苯环利定的胎粪提取物。对Emit™和Tdx™免疫分析作为筛查方法进行评价。建立了用于筛选的样品制备方法，包括分析前的提取和纯化。11-Nor-Δ、9-THC-9-COOH和苯环利定的截止值为20 ng/g，苯甲酰ecGonine、吗啡和苯丙胺的截止值为200 ng/g，尽管使用Emit-ETS™系统可以在胎粪中检测到较低的水平。95个胎粪标本接受了GC-MS确认假定阳性的筛查程序。此外，对30份胎粪标本(可卡因为40份)进行了GC-MS分析，无论筛查结果如何，以确定免疫分析的假阴性率。虽然没有检测到假阴性，但免疫检测阳性标本的GC-MS确认率普遍较低，从苯丙胺的0%到鸦片类药物的75%不等。对大麻素类化合物的确认阳性率最低，这表明四氢大麻酚代谢物而不是游离11-或-9-羧基-Δ9-四氢大麻酚可能是胎粪免疫分析反应的主要贡献者。
The analysis of meconium specimens for metabolites of substances of abuse is a relatively accurate method for the detection of fetal exposure to drugs. Most of the methods reported in the literature before the early 1990s relied on radioimmunoassays. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate methods for meconium sample preparation for the screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmation of meconium extracts for cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, amphetamines, and phencyclidine. EMIT™ and TDx™ immunoassays were evaluated as screening methods. The sample preparation method developed for screening included extraction and purification prior to analysis. Cutoff levels were administratively set at 20 ng/g for 11-nor-Δ9-THC-9-COOH (THCCOOH) and phencyclidine and at 200 ng/g for benzoylecgonine, morphine, and amphetamines, although lower levels could be detected in meconium using the EMIT-ETS™ system. Ninety-five meconium specimens were subjected to the screening procedure with GC-MS confirmation of presumptive positives. In addition, 30 (40 for cocaine) meconium specimens were subjected to GC-MS analysis for all analytes regardless of the screening results to determine the false-negative rate, if any, of the immunoassay. Although there were no false negatives detected, the GC-MS confirmation rate for the immunoassay-positive specimens was generally low, ranging from 0% for amphetamines to 75% for opiates. The lowest rate of confirmed positives was found with the cannabinoids, suggesting that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) metabolites other than free 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC may be major contributors to the immunoassay response in meconium.