Factors that affect the occurrence of fumonisin
Factors that affect the occurrence of fumonisin
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DOI：
10.2307/3435025
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Miller, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, JD
玉米两种重要的镰刀菌穗腐病--赤霉病和镰刀菌穗腐病在不同的环境条件下生长。禾谷镰刀菌只能在26到28摄氏度之间生长良好，在吐丝期和病情发展期间都需要雨水。黄萎病在较高的温度下生长良好，穗腐病和伏马菌素的积累与干旱和昆虫胁迫以及在其适应区域以外生长的杂交种有关。在特兰斯凯岛南部，食道癌一直与食用黄萎病镰刀菌和菌丝体污染的玉米有关，那里的环境条件在大多数年份都有利于这种真菌。在土壤、作物、食物消费和人口相同的附近地区，食道癌较低，温度较低，有利于禾谷镰刀菌的生长。虽然黄萎病与玉米的一种疾病有关，但这种真菌可能是一种互惠共生的植物内生菌。也许正因为如此，到目前为止，对镰刀菌穗腐病的抗性育种取得了不确定的结果。降低玉米中伏马菌素含量风险的最佳策略是确保杂交种适应环境，并限制干旱胁迫和昆虫食草性。还可能有必要利用替代策略，例如生产含有酶的杂交物，以便在产生伏马菌素时将其降解。
The two important Fusarium ear rots of corn, Gibberella ear rot (Fusarium graminearum, formally F. moniliforme and allied species) and Fusarium ear rot (F. verticillioides and allied species) grow under different environmental conditions. F. graminearum grows well only between 26 and 28 degreesC and requires rain both at silking and during disease progression. F. verticillioides grows well at higher temperatures, and ear rot and fumonisin accumulation are associated with drought and insect stress and growing hybrids outside their areas of adaptation. In southern Transkei, where esophageal cancer has been associated with the consumption of F. verticillioides and funnonisin-contaminated corn, environmental conditions favor this fungus in most years. In the nearby areas where the soils, crops, food consumption, and populations are the same and where esophageal cancer is low, temperatures are cooler and F. graminearum is favored. Although F. verticillioides is associated with a disease of corn, it may be that this fungus is a mutualistic endophyte of the plant. Perhaps because of this, breeding for resistance to Fusarium ear rot has produced inconclusive results to date. The best available strategies for reducing the risk of fumonisin contents of maize are to ensure that hybrids are adapted to the environment and to limit drought stress and insect herbivory. It may also be necessary to make use of alternative strategies such as producing hybrids that contain enzymes to degrade fumonisin as it is produced.