Identification and analysis of internal promoters in Caenorhabditis elegans operons
Identification and analysis of internal promoters in Caenorhabditis elegans operons
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DOI：
10.1101/gr.6824707
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Jones, Steven J. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Peiming;Pleasance, Erin D.;Jones, Steven J. M.
目前的秀丽隐杆线虫基因组注释有许多基因组织在操纵子中。使用定向拼接启动子：：GFP方法，我们已经进行了最大的调查，迄今为止的调控区注释C。elegans操纵子，并确定了65个，超过25%的研究，与内部启动子。我们称这些操纵子为“杂合操纵子”。“由内部启动子驱动的GFP表达模式在组织特异性方面与操纵子启动子的表达不同，对基因表达数据的系列分析表明，许多杂交操纵子中的基因之间缺乏表达相关性。在混合操纵子中具有推定启动子活性的基因间区域的平均长度大于先前对操纵子整体的估计。具有内部启动子的基因更常参与基因复制，并且与没有内部启动子的基因相比，选择性剪接的发生率显著较低，尽管我们在这两个不同的组中观察到几乎所有的反式剪接模式。最后，内部启动子构建体能够挽救致死性敲除表型，证明其在基因调控和存活中的必要性。我们的工作表明，混合操纵子在C。线虫基因组和内部启动子不仅影响基因组织和表达，而且影响操纵子进化。
The current Caenorhabditis elegans genomic annotation has many genes organized in operons. Using directionally stitched promoter :: GFP methodology, we have conducted the largest survey to date on the regulatory regions of annotated C. elegans operons and identified 65, over 25% of those studied, with internal promoters. We have termed these operons " hybrid operons." GFP expression patterns driven from internal promoters differ in tissue specificity from expression of operon promoters, and serial analysis of gene expression data reveals that there is a lack of expression correlation between genes in many hybrid operons. The average length of intergenic regions with putative promoter activity in hybrid operons is larger than previous estimates for operons as a whole. Genes with internal promoters are more commonly involved in gene duplications and have a significantly lower incidence of alternative splicing than genes without internal promoters, although we have observed almost all trans- splicing patterns in these two distinct groups. Finally, internal promoter constructs are able to rescue lethal knockout phenotypes, demonstrating their necessity in gene regulation and survival. Our work suggests that hybrid operons are common in the C. elegans genome and that internal promoters influence not only gene organization and expression but also operon evolution.