Evidence for MHC-correlated perfume preferences in humans
Evidence for MHC-correlated perfume preferences in humans
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/12.2.140
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Wedekind, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milinski, M;Wedekind, C
香水的使用至少有5000年的历史，所有传统的香味都可以在现代香水中找到。虽然香水显然与性交流有关，但对香水偏好的巨大个体差异的意义是一个进化之谜。主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）是一组高度多态性和保守的基因，在脊椎动物的免疫功能中起重要作用。研究表明，小鼠和人类都更喜欢具有不同MHC基因型的潜在伴侣的体臭，这将导致杂合后代。我们测试了个人对香水成分的偏好是否与一个人的MHC基因型相关。人类MHC被称为HLA（人类白细胞抗原）。共有137名男性和女性学生接受了MHC （HLA-A, -B, -DR）的分类，他们在第一次测试中对36种气味进行了打分，并用于自我测试（“你想自己闻起来像那样吗？”）另一组是18种气味的子集，两年后用于自己或潜在伴侣（“你想让你的伴侣闻起来像那样吗？”）。整体分析显示，MHC和两项测试中“自我”气味的得分之间存在显著相关性。在详细的分析中，我们发现两种最常见的HLAs与第一项研究中的36种气味的评级以及第二项研究中的18种气味在自我评估时存在显著的相互作用。这一结果表明，例如，拥有HLA-A2基因的人对任何香水成分都有相似的偏好。在两个测试中，这些偏好的显著重复性表明，具有HLA-A1或HLA-A2的志愿者对提供的香水成分的偏好显著一致。几乎没有发现MHC基因型和“伴侣”气味评级之间的显著相关性。这与一种假设是一致的，即香水是“为自己”选择的，以放大某些墙壁上的气味，揭示一个人的免疫遗传学。
Fragrances have been used since at least 5000 years ago and all traditional scents are found in modern perfumes. Although perfumes are obviously involved in sexual communication, the significance of great individual differences in preference for fragrances is an evolutionary puzzle. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic and conserved set of genes that plays an important role in immune function in vertebrates. Both mice and humans have been shown to prefer die body odor of potential partners that have a dissimilar MHC genotype, which would result in heterozygous offspring. We tested whether individual preferences for perfume ingredients correlate with a person's MHC genotype. The human MHC is called HLA (human leukocyte antigen). A total of 137 male and female students who had been typed for their MHC (HLA-A, -B, -DR) scored 36 scents in a first test for use on self ("Would your like to smell like that yourself?") and a subset of 18 scents 2 years later either for use on self or for a potential partner ("Would you like your partner to smell like that?"). An overall analysis showed a significant correlation between the MHC and the scorings of the scents "for self" in both tests. In a detailed analysis we found a significant interaction of the two most common HLAs with the rating of the 36 scents in the first study as well as with the 18 scents in the second study when evaluated for self. This result suggests that persons who share, for example, HLA-A2, have a similar preference for any of the perfume ingredients. The significant repeatability of these preferences in the two tests showed that the volunteers that had either HLA-A1 or HLA-A2 were significantly consistent in their preferences for the perfume ingredients offered. Hardly any significant correlation between MHC genotype and ratings of the scents "for partner" were found. This agrees with the hypothesis that perfumes are selected "for self" to amplify in some wall body odors that reveal a person's immunogenetics.