The role of climate change and niche shifts in divergent range dynamics of a sister-species pair.
The role of climate change and niche shifts in divergent range dynamics of a sister-species pair.
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DOI：
10.24072/pcjournal.248
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发表时间：
2023-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chen, Nancy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Summers, Jeremy;Lukas, Dieter;Chen, Nancy
物种的分布范围受到气候耐受性、栖息地利用和扩散能力等因素的限制。了解物种范围动态的因素仍然是一个挑战，在我们快速变化的世界中变得越来越重要。如果环境变化影响到现有的栖息地，或者如果物种的生态位或栖息地连接发生变化，物种范围可能会发生变化。我们测试了如何改变栖息地的可用性，生态位，或栖息地的连通性可能有助于不同的范围动态的姐妹物种对。在过去的40年里，大尾八哥（Quiscalus mexicanus）的活动范围从德克萨斯州向北扩展到内布拉斯加州，而它的近亲船尾八哥（Quiscalus major）仍然生活在大西洋和墨西哥湾的海岸以及佛罗里达的内陆。我们创建了基于1970-1979年和2010-2019年公民科学数据训练的物种分布和连通性模型，以确定栖息地的可用性，栖息地占用的类型以及范围内的连通性如何变化。我们发现，这两个物种占据不同的栖息地，大尾八哥已经转移到占据更大的城市，远离天然水源的干旱环境的广度。与此同时，船尾八哥仍然局限于温暖，潮湿的沿海环境。我们没有发现任何证据表明栖息地连通性的变化影响了这两个物种的分布范围。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，大尾八哥已经改变了其实现的生态位作为其快速范围扩张的一部分，而船尾八哥的范围动态可能更多地受到气候变化的影响。栖息地的扩大所占据的大尾八哥是一致的观察，具有高行为灵活性的物种可以迅速扩大其地理范围，通过使用人类改变栖息地。这项调查确定了如何相反的人为变化的反应可能会驱动不同的范围动态，阐明了已经并将继续塑造物种范围的因素。
Species ranges are set by limitations in factors including climate tolerances, habitat use, and dispersal abilities. Understanding the factors governing species range dynamics remains a challenge that is ever more important in our rapidly changing world. Species ranges can shift if environmental changes affect available habitat, or if the niche or habitat connectivity of a species changes. We tested how changes in habitat availability, niche, or habitat connectivity could contribute to divergent range dynamics in a sister-species pair. The great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) has expanded its range northward from Texas to Nebraska in the past 40 years, while its closest relative, the boattailed grackle (Quiscalus major), has remained tied to the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico as well as the interior of Florida. We created species distribution and connectivity models trained on citizen science data from 1970-1979 and 2010-2019 to determine how the availability of habitat, the types of habitat occupied, and range-wide connectivity have changed for both species. We found that the two species occupy distinct habitats and that the great-tailed grackle has shifted to occupy a larger breadth of urban, arid environments farther from natural water sources. Meanwhile, the boattailed grackle has remained limited to warm, wet, coastal environments. We found no evidence that changes in habitat connectivity affected the ranges of either species. Overall, our results suggest that the great-tailed grackle has shifted its realized niche as part of its rapid range expansion, while the range dynamics of the boat-tailed grackle may be shaped more by climate change. The expansion in habitats occupied by the great-tailed grackle is consistent with observations that species with high behavioral flexibility can rapidly expand their geographic range by using human-altered habitat. This investigation identifies how opposite responses to anthropogenic change could drive divergent range dynamics, elucidating the factors that have and will continue to shape species ranges.