Mollusc/algal chloroplast symbiosis: how can isolated chloroplasts continue to function for months in the cytosol of a sea slug in the absence of an algal nucleus?
Mollusc/algal chloroplast symbiosis: how can isolated chloroplasts continue to function for months in the cytosol of a sea slug in the absence of an algal nucleus?
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DOI：
10.1078/0944-2006-00036
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Manhart, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rumpho, ME;Summer, EJ;Manhart, JR
一种海洋海蛞蝓Elysia chlorotica，由于与有色植物Vaucheria litorea的叶绿体形成细胞内共生联合体而获得了进行光合作用的能力。共生体叶绿体（kleptoplasts）是功能性的，即它们在海蛞蝓胞质溶胶中释放氧气和固定CO2并活跃地转录和翻译蛋白质数月。考虑到质体功能对核基因的依赖性，在动物细胞中观察到的纤质体活性水平是相当显著的。可能的因素有助于这种持久的功能协会，在这里被认为包括：在海蛞蝓，自主叶绿体，不寻常的叶绿体/蛋白质的稳定性，重新定向的动物蛋白质的kleptoplast，和横向基因转移的藻类核基因组的存在。基于我们目前的理解，E.叶绿体的稳定性受到质体的稳健性的帮助，并且kleptoplasts的长期功能活性似乎受到质体和蛋白质稳定性以及海蛞蝓的贡献的支持。
A marine sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, has acquired the ability to carry out photosynthesis as a result of forming an intracellular symbiotic association with chloroplasts of the chromophytic alga, Vaucheria litorea. The symbiont chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) are functional, i.e. they evolve oxygen and fix CO2 and actively transcribe and translate proteins for several months in the sea slug cytosol. Considering the dependency of plastid function on nuclear genes, the level of kleptoplast activity observed in the animal cell is quite remarkable. Possible factors contributing to this long-lasting functional association that are considered here include: the presence of an algal nuclear genome in the sea slug, autonomous chloroplasts, unusual chloroplast/protein stability, re-directing of animal proteins to the kleptoplast, and lateral gene transfer. Based on our current understanding, the acquisition and incorporation of intact algal plastids by E. chlorotica is aided by the robustness of the plastids and the long-term functional activity of the kleptoplasts appears to be supported by both plastid and protein stability and contributions from the sea slug.