The Impact of RNA-DNA Hybrids on Genome Integrity in Bacteria.

The Impact of RNA-DNA Hybrids on Genome Integrity in Bacteria.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-micro-102521-014450
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发表时间:
2022-09-08
影响因子:
10.5
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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在DNA复制和转录的基本过程中,形成RNA-DNA杂交中间体,如果不解决,会对基因组完整性造成重大风险。为了管理RNA-DNA杂交体,所有细胞都依赖于RNase H家族酶,这些酶特异性切割体内形成的许多不同类型杂交体的RNA部分。最近的实验进展提供了新的见解如何RNA-DNA杂交体的形式和后果,基因组的完整性,随之而来的持久性杂交体仍然没有得到解决。在这里,我们回顾了RNA-DNA杂交的类型,包括R环,RNA引物和核糖核苷酸错配,在DNA复制和转录过程中形成,并讨论了每种类型的杂交如何有助于细菌基因组的不稳定性。此外,我们还讨论了细菌RNase HI,HII,HIII和细菌FEN酶如何通过杂交的解决来促进基因组的维持。
During the essential processes of DNA replication and transcription, RNA-DNA hybrid intermediates are formed that pose significant risks to genome integrity when left unresolved. To manage RNA-DNA hybrids, all cells rely on RNase H family enzymes that specifically cleave the RNA portion of the many different types of hybrids that form in vivo. Recent experimental advances have provided new insight into how RNA-DNA hybrids form and the consequences to genome integrity that ensue when persistent hybrids remain unresolved. Here we review the types of RNA-DNA hybrids, including R-loops, RNA primers, and ribonucleotide misincorporations, that form during DNA replication and transcription and discuss how each type of hybrid can contribute to genome instability in bacteria. Further, we discuss how bacterial RNase HI, HII, HIII and bacterial FEN enzymes contribute to genome maintenance through the resolution of hybrids.
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