Enteric and indicator virus removal by surface flow wetlands
Enteric and indicator virus removal by surface flow wetlands
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.001
复制
发表时间：
2016-01-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Gerba, Charles P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rachmadi, Andri T.;Kitajima, Masaaki;Gerba, Charles P.
我们调查了亚利桑那州两个地表流湿地中几种人类肠道病毒（即诺如病毒、腺病毒、爱知病毒 1、多瘤病毒和肠道病毒）以及植物病毒辣椒轻度斑驳病毒 (PMMoV) 的发生和减毒情况。其中一个湿地的滞留时间为7天，而另一湿地的滞留时间无法确定。在九个月的时间里从湿地的入口和出口收集了水样，并通过定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）测定了病毒基因组的浓度。在测试的人类肠道病毒中，腺病毒和爱知病毒 1 在处理过的废水（即湿地入口）中流行率最高。湿地对肠道病毒的减少效率为 1 至 3 log(10)。多瘤病毒通常被去除至低于检测限，表明至少去除了 2 至 4 log10。对于所有测试的病毒，在两个湿地入口处检测到的 PMMoV 浓度较高（10(4) 至 10(7) 基因组拷贝/L），但几乎没有去除（1 log10 或更少）。为了确定与病毒基因组减毒相关的因素（通过 qPCR 确定），研究了 PMMoV 和 1 型脊髓灰质炎病毒（一种肠道病毒）在高压灭菌水、天然湿地水以及去离子水中在三种不同温度下孵育 21 天的持久性。水温升高和生物活动的结合使脊髓灰质炎病毒减少了 1 至 4 log10，而在此期间 PMMoV 并未显着减少。总体而言，PMMoV 在湿地处理中表现出比人类病毒更强的持久性。 (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
We investigated the occurrence and attenuation of several human enteric viruses (i.e., norovirus, adenovirus, Aichi virus 1, polyomaviruses, and enterovirus) as well as a plant virus, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), at two surface flow wetlands in Arizona. The retention time in one of the wetlands was seven days, whereas in the other wetland it could not be defined. Water samples were collected at the inlet and outlet from the wetlands over nine months, and concentration of viral genomes was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Of the human enteric viruses tested, adenovirus and Aichi virus 1 were found in the greatest prevalence in treated wastewater (i.e., inlet of the wetlands). Reduction efficiencies of enteric viruses by the wetlands ranged from 1 to 3 log(10). Polyomaviruses were generally removed to below detection limit, indicating at least 2 to 4 log10 removal. PMMoV was detected in a greater concentration in the inlet of both wetlands for all the viruses tested (10(4) to 10(7) genome copies/L), but exhibited little or no removal (1 log10 or less). To determine the factors associated with virus genome attenuation (as determined by qPCR), the persistence of PMMoV and poliovirus type 1 (an enterovirus) was studied in autoclaved and natural wetland water, and deionized water incubated under three different temperatures for 21 days. A combination of elevated water temperature and biological activities reduced poliovirus by 1 to 4 log10, while PMMoV was not significantly reduced during this time period. Overall, PMMoV showed much greater persistence than human viruses in the wetland treatment. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.