Causal effects of the early caregiving environment on development of stress response systems in children
Causal effects of the early caregiving environment on development of stress response systems in children
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1423363112
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发表时间：
2015-05-05
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Nelson, Charles A., III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McLaughlin, Katie A.;Sheridan, Margaret A.;Nelson, Charles A., III
应激反应系统功能的中断被认为是暴露于不利的早期生活环境影响人类发育的核心机制。尽管早期生活逆境会导致啮齿动物交感神经系统（SNS）和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的高反应性，但人类研究的证据并不一致。我们目前的结果，从布加勒斯特早期干预项目检查是否随机放置到一个家庭的养育环境改变自主神经系统和HPA轴的儿童暴露于早期生活剥夺与机构养育。心电图，心阻抗图，神经内分泌数据收集在实验室为基础的挑战任务，从儿童（平均年龄= 12.9岁）提出了在罗马尼亚被剥夺的机构设置随机高质量的寄养干预（n = 48）或保持在照顾照常（n = 43）和样本的典型发展中的罗马尼亚儿童（n = 47）。与随机分配到寄养家庭的儿童相比，留在机构照顾的儿童表现出明显迟钝的SNS和HPA轴反应的心理社会压力，其压力反应接近那些典型的发展中国家的儿童。干预效果是明显的皮质醇和副交感神经系统的反应，只有在寄养儿童在24岁和18个月之前，分别提供实验证据的敏感期在人类的环境是特别可能改变应激反应系统的发展。我们提供的证据之间的因果关系的早期环境和应激反应系统的反应，在人类的影响，从啮齿动物模型中观察到的显着不同。
Disruptions in stress response system functioning are thought to be a central mechanism by which exposure to adverse early-life environments influences human development. Although early-life adversity results in hyperreactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in rodents, evidence from human studies is inconsistent. We present results from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project examining whether randomized placement into a family caregiving environment alters development of the autonomic nervous system and HPA axis in children exposed to early-life deprivation associated with institutional rearing. Electrocardiogram, impedance cardiograph, and neuroendocrine data were collected during laboratory-based challenge tasks from children (mean age = 12.9 y) raised in deprived institutional settings in Romania randomized to a high-quality foster care intervention (n = 48) or to remain in care as usual (n = 43) and a sample of typically developing Romanian children (n = 47). Children who remained in institutional care exhibited significantly blunted SNS and HPA axis responses to psychosocial stress compared with children randomized to foster care, whose stress responses approximated those of typically developing children. Intervention effects were evident for cortisol and parasympathetic nervous system reactivity only among children placed in foster care before age 24 and 18 months, respectively, providing experimental evidence of a sensitive period in humans during which the environment is particularly likely to alter stress response system development. We provide evidence for a causal link between the early caregiving environment and stress response system reactivity in humans with effects that differ markedly from those observed in rodent models.