THE FORM OF THE HUMAN PUPIL
THE FORM OF THE HUMAN PUPIL
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DOI：
10.1016/0042-6989(94)00268-q
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发表时间：
1995-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
WYATT, HJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WYATT, HJ
这项研究的目的是描述正常人的瞳孔形状。使用改装的裂隙灯，学生在稳定的光照下和天黑后10-20秒拍摄照片。对透明胶片进行投影和数字化，并将瞳孔边缘表示为圆形傅里叶级数。还确定了最佳拟合椭圆。在许多受试者中，确定了瞳孔相对于角膜缘的位置。来自23名受试者的结果表明，在黑暗和光线下，平均瞳孔非圆形为0.0166。(值0.0200很容易从照片中用肉眼检测到。)平均而言，最适合的椭圆约占非圆形的一半(黑暗中占59.6%，光线中占47.7%)。对形状的大部分贡献是由前4或5次谐波造成的。形状通常在一段时间内是稳定的，并且可以在至少一年内保持相当稳定；然而，不同受试者的形状并不是非常相似，特别是在光线下。(平均成对相似度：在黑暗中为0.106；在光照中为0.034；相似度的值范围为-1到1。)对于给定的受试者，明暗环境下的形状通常相当相似(平均：相似性0.260)，但存在系统性差异：在椭圆贡献了20%的非圆形的眼睛中，椭圆主轴在黑暗中围绕垂直方向聚集，在光线中水平方向聚集，这意味着垂直经络附近有更大的收缩。即使是椭圆形贡献很小的学生，也会在垂直经络附近收缩更多。个体的左眼和右眼呈现镜面对称的形状有一定的倾向。在黑暗中，瞳孔位于角膜缘中央上方0.27+/-0.09 mm和0.20+/-0.15 mm处，在光照下通常略向鼻侧或上方移动。非环形随年龄增长而增加(0.0015/10)。结果表明，小学生在形态上表现出个性，在学科内和学科间具有显著的规律性。
The purpose of this study was to characterize the form of the pupil in normal human subjects. Using a modified slitlamp, photographs of pupils were taken in steady illumination and 10-20 sec after darkness. Transparencies were projected and digitized, and the pupil margin was represented as a circular Fourier series. Best-fit ellipses were also determined. The placement of the pupil relative to the Limbus was determined in a number of subjects. Results from 23 subjects indicated that in both darkness and light, average pupil noncircularity was 0.0166. (A value of 0.0200 is easy to detect with the unaided eye from the photographs.) On average, the best-fit ellipse accounted for about half of the noncircularity (59.6% in darkness; 47.7% in light). Most of the contribution to shape was made by the first 4 or 5 harmonics. Shapes were usually stable within a session and could remain fairly stable for at least a year; however, shapes for different subjects were not very similar, especially in the light. (Average pairwise similarity: 0.106 in darkness; 0.034 in light; similarity can have values from -1 to 1.) For a given subject, shapes in light and dark were often fairly similar (average:similarity 0.260), but there were systematic differences: in eyes where the ellipse contributed > 20% of noncircularity, ellipse major axes clustered around vertical in darkness, and horizontal in light, implying greater contraction neat the vertical meridian. Even pupils with little elliptical contribution turned-out to contract more near the vertical meridian. There was some tendency for left and right eyes of an individual to show mirror symmetry of shape. In the dark, pupils were located 0.27 +/- 0.09 mm nasal and 0.20 +/- 0.15 mm superior to the limbus center, and usually moved slightly further nasal or superior in the light. Noncircularity increased with age (0.0015/decade). It was concluded that pupils show individuality of shape, with significant regularities within and across subjects.