The Xs and Y of immune responses to viral vaccines.
The Xs and Y of immune responses to viral vaccines.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70049-9
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发表时间：
2010-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pekosz A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klein SL;Jedlicka A;Pekosz A
与个体性别相关的生物学差异是影响疫苗接种免疫反应的主要变异来源。有令人信服的临床数据表明，男性和女性在其先天，体液和细胞介导的病毒疫苗的反应不同。性别影响疫苗接种不良副作用的频率和严重程度，包括发烧，疼痛和炎症。怀孕也会显著改变对疫苗的免疫反应。性别和怀孕对疫苗接种的影响的关键方面提出了使用从人类临床试验以及从动物模型的疫苗效力的数据和奠定了基础，为今后的研究，旨在确定生物学机制，包括遗传和激素因素，性别特异性反应的基础疫苗。了解和理解性别和怀孕对免疫应答的影响可能会改变公共卫生官员在人群中启动有效疫苗接种计划的策略，优化疫苗的时机和剂量，以最大限度地增加免疫人数，确保足够的免疫应答水平，最大限度地减少不良副作用，并更有效地保护高优先级人群。
The biological differences associated with an individual’s sex represent a major source of variation that impacts the immune response to vaccination. There are compelling clinical data illustrating that males and females differ in their innate, humoral, and cell-mediated responses to viral vaccines. Sex impacts the frequency and severity of adverse side effects of vaccination, including fever, pain, and inflammation. Pregnancy also can significantly alter immune responses to vaccines. Key aspects of the impact of sex and pregnancy on vaccination are presented using data drawn from clinical trials in humans as well as from animal models of vaccine efficacy and the groundwork is laid for future studies aimed at identifying the biological mechanisms, including genetic and hormonal factors, that underlie sex-specific responses to vaccines. An understanding and appreciation of the impact of sex and pregnancy on immune responses may alter the strategies used by public health officials to initiate efficient vaccination programs in the human population optimizing the timing and dose of the vaccine in order to maximize the number of people immunized, ensure sufficient levels of immune responses, minimize adverse side effects, and allow for more efficient protection of high priority populations.