Cardiovascular disease and air pollutants: Evaluating and improving epidemiological data implicating traffic exposure
Cardiovascular disease and air pollutants: Evaluating and improving epidemiological data implicating traffic exposure
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DOI：
10.1080/08958370701496012
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Kaufman, J. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adar, S. D.;Kaufman, J. D.
有证据表明，与交通有关的污染物在观察到的空气污染与心血管健康不良影响之间的关联中发挥了作用。然而，在传统的流行病学研究中，交通对个人暴露的贡献很难量化，研究人员采用了各种方法试图隔离其影响。许多研究人员采用环境测量，如氮氧化物，一氧化碳，或黑碳作为交通的替代品，研究与健康结果的关系。在一些研究中还使用了源解析技术，以确定与来自特定来源（包括交通）的污染物混合物之间的联系。在其他研究中，对一个人家附近的交通状况的估计预测了心血管终点，当地的交通水平改变了区域空气污染的影响。最近，研究将心血管健康的变化与交通时间联系起来。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了有关交通相关污染对心血管疾病影响的流行病学证据，并研究了用于研究这一重要研究问题的不同技术。最后，我们讨论了正在进行的流行病学研究中使用的未来方向，以确定交通对心血管健康的影响。
Evidence suggests that traffic-related pollutants play a role in the observed associations between air pollution and adverse cardiovascular health effects. The contribution of traffic to individual exposures is difficult to quantify in traditional epidemiological studies, however, and researchers have employed various approaches in attempt to isolate its effects. Many investigators have employed ambient measurements such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or black carbon as surrogates for traffic in studying associations with health outcomes. Source-apportionment techniques also have been used in a few studies to identify associations with the mixture of pollutants from specific origins, including traffic. In other studies, estimates of traffic near a person's home have predicted cardiovascular endpoints, and local traffic levels have modified the effect of regional air pollution. More recently, studies have linked changes in cardiovascular health to time spent in traffic. In this article, we review the epidemiological evidence regarding the impact of traffic-related pollution on cardiovascular diseases and examine the different techniques used to examine this important research question. We conclude with a discussion of the future directions being used in ongoing epidemiological studies to identify the cardiovascular health impacts of traffic.