THE CONTRIBUTION OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM TO GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS
THE CONTRIBUTION OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM TO GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS
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DOI：
10.1038/366327a0
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发表时间：
1993-11-25
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
WALTER, LS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BLUTH, GJS;SCHNETZLER, CC;WALTER, LS
火山喷发产生的二氧化硫可能对地球气候和大气化学产生重大影响，因此，对所有类型的火山活动的释放速率进行量化是很重要的。非爆炸性火山（例如，埃特纳火山）以相对恒定的速率排出气体，每年提供约900万吨（Mt）二氧化硫（参考文献1）。相比之下，容易爆发的火山（如皮纳图博火山）释放的气体是零星的，很难量化。因此，火山每年总二氧化硫通量受到的约束很差，地面估算值1-8在1.5至50亿吨之间——相当于目前估计的人为贡献的四分之一。美国宇航局卫星“光轮7号”上的总臭氧测绘光谱仪记录了1978年11月至1993年5月爆发的二氧化硫排放。我们利用这些数据表明，爆发火山活动的年通量约为4 Mt SO2，不到非爆发产出的一半。这样看来，火山向地球大气排放的二氧化硫总量约为13mt -1，仅为当前人为通量的5-10%。
SULPHUR dioxide from volcanic eruptions may have a significant effect on the Earth's climate and atmospheric chemistry, and it is therefore important to quantify outgassing rates for all types of volcanic activity. Non-explosive volcanoes (for example, Mount Etna) outgas at relatively constant rates, providing an annual flux of about 9 million tons (Mt) SO2 (ref. 1). By contrast, the outgassing from volcanoes prone to explosive eruptions (such as Mount Pinatubo) is sporadic and much more difficult to quantify. The total annual volcanic SO2 flux is therefore poorly constrained, with ground-based estimates1-8 ranging from 1.5 to 50 Mt-up to one-quarter of the estimated current anthropogenic contribution. The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer aboard the NASA satellite Nimbus 7 recorded SO2 emissions from explosive eruptions from November 1978 to May 1993. We use these data to show that the annual flux from explosive volcanism is of the order of 4 Mt SO2, less than half of the non-explosive output. Thus it seems that the total volcanic emission of SO2 to the Earth's atmosphere is about 13 Mt yr-1, which is only 5-10% of the current anthropogenic flux.