Words and voices: episodic traces in spoken word identification and recognition memory.
Words and voices: episodic traces in spoken word identification and recognition memory.
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DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.22.5.1166
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发表时间：
1996-09
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Goldinger
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Goldinger
大多数口语单词识别理论都假设可变语音信号与记忆中的规范表示相匹配。为了实现这一点，首先对特殊的语音细节进行标准化，从而允许将输入与词典进行直接比较。这项调查评估了口语单词的外显记忆和内隐记忆，作为说话者声音、学习和测试之间的延迟以及处理水平的函数。在两个实验中，口语单词的语音属性被清晰地保留在记忆中。此外，听众对不同语音单词的第一次和第二次呈现之间的细粒度相似性很敏感，但前提是单词最初是在相对较浅的处理级别进行编码的。结果表明，口语单词的情景记忆痕迹保留了通常被视为感知系统中的噪音的表面细节。
Most theories of spoken word identification assume that variable speech signals are matched to canonical representations in memory. To achieve this, idiosyncratic voice details are first normalized, allowing direct comparison of the input to the lexicon. This investigation assessed both explicit and implicit memory for spoken words as a function of speakers' voices, delays between study and test, and levels of processing. In 2 experiments, voice attributes of spoken words were clearly retained in memory. Moreover, listeners were sensitive to fine-grained similarity between 1st and 2nd presentations of different-voice words, but only when words were initially encoded at relatively shallow levels of processing. The results suggest that episodic memory traces of spoken words retain the surface details typically considered as noise in perceptual systems.