Supereruption quartz crystals and the hollow reentrants

Supereruption quartz crystals and the hollow reentrants
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超级喷发石英晶体和空心折返体

DOI:
10.1130/g46275.1
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
Manga, Michael
Manga, Michael
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Befus, Kenneth S.;Manga, Michael

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来自黄石火山口(美国西部)熔岩溪凝灰岩的石英斑晶中的空心折返物是超级喷发前岩浆库中气泡的遗迹。我们使用岩相学技术,同步加速器X射线显微断层摄影术和阴极发光成像相结合的特点折返。一个或多个折返体出现在约20%的石英中,并且高达约90%的折返体是中空的。熔岩溪凝灰岩最早喷发的部分有最空的折返点。空心折返体为岩浆储层中挥发分的饱和、出溶和滞留提供了直接的物理证据。只有当气泡能够在熔体中成核和生长时,石英熔体的表面张力才允许气泡附着在石英上。在喷发之前,熔岩溪凝灰岩是一个气泡状的、挥发性饱和的岩浆库。出溶的挥发物增加了岩浆的可压缩性,有助于防止不断积累的岩浆达到临界的喷发超压,直到达到巨大的体积。
Hollow reentrants in quartz phenocrysts from Yellowstone (western United States) caldera’s Lava Creek Tuff are preserved vestiges of bubbles in the supereruption’s pre-eruptive magma reservoir. We characterized the reentrants using a combination of petrographic techniques, synchrotron X-ray microtomography, and cathodoluminescence imagery. One or more reentrants occur in ∼20% of quartz, and up to ∼90% of those reentrants are hollow. The earliest-erupted parts of the Lava Creek Tuff have the most empty reentrants. The hollow reentrants provide direct, physical evidence for volatile saturation, exsolution, and retention in a magma reservoir. Quartz-melt surface tension permits bubbles to attach to quartz only when bubbles have been able to nucleate and grow in the melt. Prior to eruption, the Lava Creek Tuff existed as a bubbly, volatile-saturated magma reservoir. The exsolved volatiles increased magma compressibility, helping to prevent the ever-accumulating magma from reaching a critical, eruptive overpressure until it reached a tremendous volume.
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