Lycaenid Caterpillar Secretions Manipulate Attendant Ant Behavior
Lycaenid Caterpillar Secretions Manipulate Attendant Ant Behavior
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.016
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发表时间：
2015-08-31
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Tsuji, Kazuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hojo, Masaru K.;Pierce, Naomi E.;Tsuji, Kazuki
互惠互动通常涉及物种之间不同商品的交换[1]。许多昆虫和植物产生营养分泌物，以换取防御等服务 [2, 3]。这些奖励在新陈代谢上很有价值，可以用来强化共生伙伴的行为，从而有效地学习和记住它们 [4, 5]。我们在这里展示了毛毛虫产生的昆虫外分泌分泌物在灰蝶和蚂蚁之间以食物换防御的相互作用中调节伴生蚂蚁行为的新作用[6]。 Narathura japonica 毛毛虫的背蜜腺器官 (DNO) 的奖励分泌物可以减少其伴蚁 Pristomyrmex punctatus 工蚁的运动活动。此外，以毛毛虫分泌物为食的工蚁更有可能对毛毛虫触手器官的外翻表现出攻击性反应。对食用毛毛虫分泌物的工人大脑中神经源性胺的分析表明，与对照组相比，多巴胺水平显着下降。在给工蚁喂食利血平（果蝇中已知的多巴胺抑制剂）的实验治疗中，同样会降低它们的运动活动。我们得出的结论是，狼毛虫的 DNO 分泌物可以通过改变多巴胺能调节和增加伴侣忠诚度来操纵蚂蚁的行为。除非被操纵的蚂蚁也从 DNO 分泌物中获得净营养益处，否则这表明传统上被认为是互利共生的类似防御奖励相互作用实际上可能是寄生的。
Mutualistic interactions typically involve the exchange of different commodities between species [1]. Nutritious secretions are produced by a number of insects and plants in exchange for services such as defense [2, 3]. These rewards are valuable metabolically and can be used to reinforce the behavior of symbiotic partners that can learn and remember them effectively [4, 5]. We show here novel effects of insect exocrine secretions produced by caterpillars in modulating the behavior of attendant ants in the food-for-defense interaction between lycaenid butterflies and ants [6]. Reward secretions from the dorsal nectary organ (DNO) of Narathura japonica caterpillars function to reduce the locomotory activities of their attendant ants, Pristomyrmex punctatus workers. Moreover, workers that feed from caterpillar secretions are significantly more likely to show aggressive responses to eversion of the tentacle organs of the caterpillars. Analysis of the neurogenic amines in the brains of workers that consumed caterpillar secretions showed a significant decrease in levels of dopamine compared with controls. Experimental treatments in which reserpine, a known inhibitor of dopamine in Drosophila, was fed to workers similarly reduced their locomotory activity. We conclude that DNO secretions of lycaenid caterpillars can manipulate attendant ant behavior by altering dopaminergic regulation and increasing partner fidelity. Unless manipulated ants also receive a net nutritional benefit from DNO secretions, this suggests that similar reward-for-defense interactions that have been traditionally considered to be mutualisms may in fact be parasitic in nature.