Mechanisms for Induction of Microbial Extracellular Proteases in Response to Exterior Proteins
Mechanisms for Induction of Microbial Extracellular Proteases in Response to Exterior Proteins
复制标题
微生物胞外蛋白酶响应外部蛋白质的诱导机制
DOI：
10.1128/aem.01036-20
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Xiu-Lan Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu-Zhong Zhang;Wei-Xin Zhang;Xiu-Lan Chen
蛋白质是微生物的主要有机氮源。许多异养微生物分泌胞外蛋白酶（前蛋白酶），以有效地将蛋白质分解成寡肽和氨基酸时，外部蛋白质是生长所必需的。这些前蛋白酶不仅在微生物营养获取或宿主感染中发挥重要作用，而且对全球碳和氮的循环也有很大贡献。此外，微生物前蛋白酶可在工业、医学和生物技术领域中具有重要应用。摘要蛋白质是微生物的主要有机氮源。许多异养微生物分泌胞外蛋白酶（前蛋白酶），以有效地将蛋白质分解成寡肽和氨基酸时，外部蛋白质是生长所必需的。这些前蛋白酶不仅在微生物营养获取或宿主感染中发挥重要作用，而且对全球碳和氮的循环也有很大贡献。此外，微生物前蛋白酶可在工业、医学和生物技术领域中具有重要应用。因此，揭示微生物启动前蛋白酶基因表达以响应外部蛋白质的机制具有重要意义。本文综述了微生物胞外蛋白酶对外源蛋白的诱导机制，重点介绍了诱导分子、膜传感器和下游途径。最后，对进一步研究微生物胞外蛋白酶的诱导机制所需解决的问题进行了讨论。
Proteins are a main organic nitrogen source for microorganisms. Many heterotrophic microorganisms secrete extracellular proteases (ex-proteases) to efficiently decompose proteins into oligopeptides and amino acids when exterior proteins are required for growth. These ex-proteases not only play important roles in microbial nutrient acquisition or host infection but also contribute greatly to the global recycling of carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, may microbial ex-proteases have important applications in industrial, medical, and biotechnological areas. ABSTRACT Proteins are a main organic nitrogen source for microorganisms. Many heterotrophic microorganisms secrete extracellular proteases (ex-proteases) to efficiently decompose proteins into oligopeptides and amino acids when exterior proteins are required for growth. These ex-proteases not only play important roles in microbial nutrient acquisition or host infection but also contribute greatly to the global recycling of carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, may microbial ex-proteases have important applications in industrial, medical, and biotechnological areas. Therefore, uncovering the mechanisms by which microorganisms initiate the expression of ex-protease genes in response to exterior proteins is of great significance. In this review, the progress made in understanding the induction mechanisms of microbial ex-proteases in response to exterior proteins is summarized, with a focus on the inducer molecules, membrane sensors, and downstream pathways. Problems to be solved for better understanding of the induction mechanisms of microbial ex-proteases are also discussed.