Extrinsic and Intrinsic Mechanisms by Which Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress the Immune System.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Mechanisms by Which Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress the Immune System.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jtos.2015.11.004
复制
发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kao WW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coulson-Thomas VJ;Coulson-Thomas YM;Gesteira TF;Kao WW
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是一类类似成纤维细胞的多能间充质基质细胞，具有向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和软骨细胞分化的能力。最近的研究表明，间充质干细胞具有独特的能力，能够以自体和异体的方式对适应性免疫和先天免疫发挥抑制和调节作用。干细胞移植的一个重要步骤是克服潜在的移植物抗宿主病，这是移植成功的一个限制因素。鉴于间充质干细胞具有强大的分化能力，同时也具有免疫抑制特性，使其能够在宿主免疫排斥中存活下来，因此人们对间充质干细胞非常感兴趣。由于它们能够分化成不同的细胞类型，抑制和调节免疫系统，MSCs正被开发用于治疗多种疾病，包括免疫失调。此外，近年来，间充质干细胞已被基因工程用于治疗甚至治愈某些疾病，利用间充质干细胞进行细胞治疗为克服组织排斥提供了新的前景。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了MSCs调节炎症以及先天和适应性免疫的独特能力的潜在外在和内在机制。
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of fibroblast-like multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells that have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs possess a unique ability to exert suppressive and regulatory effects on both adaptive and innate immunity in an autologous and allogeneic manner. A vital step in stem cell transplantation is overcoming the potential graft-versus-host disease, which is a limiting factor to transplantation success. Given that MSCs attain powerful differentiation capabilities and also present immunosuppressive properties, which enable them to survive host immune rejection, MSCs are of great interest. Due to their ability to differentiate into different cell types and to suppress and modulate the immune system, MSCs are being developed for treating a plethora of diseases, including immune disorders. Moreover, in recent years, MSCs have been genetically engineered to treat and sometimes even cure some diseases, and the use of MSCs for cell therapy presents new perspectives for overcoming tissue rejection. In this review, we discuss the potential extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that underlie MSCs’ unique ability to modulate inflammation, and both innate and adaptive immunity.