The ethylene response factors SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 allow rice to adapt to deep water
The ethylene response factors SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 allow rice to adapt to deep water
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DOI：
10.1038/nature08258
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发表时间：
2009-08-20
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Ashikari, Motoyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hattori, Yoko;Nagai, Keisuke;Ashikari, Motoyuki
生物体必须获得新的生物功能来适应不断变化和恶劣的环境。深水稻通过获得显著延长其节间的能力来进化和适应洪水，节间具有中空结构和通气管的功能，允许气体与大气交换，从而防止溺水（1-3）。许多生理学研究表明，植物激素乙烯、赤霉素和脱落酸参与了这一反应（4-8），但负责这一特性的基因尚未确定。在这里，我们通过鉴定基因SNORKEL1和SNORKEL2来展示深水响应的分子机制，这两个基因通过编码参与乙烯信号传导的乙烯响应因子来触发深水响应。在深水环境下，乙烯在植物体内积累并诱导这两个基因的表达。然后，SNORKEL1和SNORKEL2的产物通过赤霉素触发显著的节间伸长。我们还证明，深水水稻向非深水水稻引入了三个数量性状位点，使后者成为深水水稻。这一发现将有助于雨季经常被洪水淹没的低地地区的水稻育种。
Living organisms must acquire new biological functions to adapt to changing and hostile environments. Deepwater rice has evolved and adapted to flooding by acquiring the ability to significantly elongate its internodes, which have hollow structures and function as snorkels to allow gas exchange with the atmosphere, and thus prevent drowning(1-3). Many physiological studies have shown that the phytohormones ethylene, gibberellin and abscisic acid are involved in this response(4-8), but the gene(s) responsible for this trait has not been identified. Here we show the molecular mechanism of deepwater response through the identification of the genes SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2, which trigger deepwater response by encoding ethylene response factors involved in ethylene signalling. Under deepwater conditions, ethylene accumulates in the plant and induces expression of these two genes. The products of SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 then trigger remarkable internode elongation via gibberellin. We also demonstrate that the introduction of three quantitative trait loci from deepwater rice into non-deepwater rice enabled the latter to become deepwater rice. This discovery will contribute to rice breeding in lowland areas that are frequently flooded during the rainy season.