US of the major salivary glands: Anatomy and spatial relationships, pathologic conditions, and pitfalls
US of the major salivary glands: Anatomy and spatial relationships, pathologic conditions, and pitfalls
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DOI：
10.1148/rg.263055024
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Osmolski, Antoni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bialek, Ewa J.;Jakubowski, Wieslaw;Osmolski, Antoni
超声检查对涎腺疾病的鉴别诊断是有用的。在急性炎症中，唾液腺增大且低回声，血流增加;它们可能包含多个小的、椭圆形的低回声区域。在慢性炎症中，唾液腺大小正常或较小，低回声，不均匀。涎石病表现为明显的高回声线或点，伴远端声影。唾液腺增多症表现为腺体增大，回声增强，无局灶性病变或血流增加。晚期干燥综合征的超声特征包括不均匀的唾液腺，伴有散在的小的、椭圆形的、低回声或无回声区域，通常边界清楚，以及实质血流增加。多形性腺瘤通常是低回声、边界清楚、分叶状的病变，伴后部声学增强，可能含有钙化; Warthin瘤通常是椭圆形、低回声、边界清楚的病变，通常含有无回声区，并且通常是血管丰富的。涎腺的恶性肿瘤可能形状不规则，边界不规则，边缘模糊，结构不均匀，或呈良性。涎腺囊肿边界清楚，内容物无回声，后部回声增强，内部无血流。然而，美国的一些疾病的表现可能重叠，从而产生诊断陷阱。(C)RSNA，2006年。
Ultrasonography ( US) is useful for differential diagnosis of diseases of the salivary glands. In acute inflammation, salivary glands are enlarged and hypoechoic with increased blood flow; they may contain multiple small, oval, hypoechoic areas. In chronic inflammation, salivary glands are normal sized or smaller, hypoechoic, and inhomogeneous. Sialolithiasis appears as markedly hyperechoic lines or points with distal acoustic shadowing. Sialosis appears as enlarged hyperechoic glands without focal lesions or increased blood flow. The US features of advanced Sjogren syndrome include inhomogeneous salivary glands with scattered small, oval, hypoechoic or anechoic areas, usually well defined, and increased parenchymal blood flow. Pleomorphic adenomas are usually hypoechoic, well-defined, lobulated lesions with posterior acoustic enhancement that may contain calcifications; Warthin tumors are usually oval, hypoechoic, well-defined lesions that often contain anechoic areas and are often hypervascularized. Malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands may have irregular shapes, irregular borders, blurred margins, and a hypoechoic inhomogeneous structure or may have a benign appearance. Salivary gland cysts have well-defined margins, anechoic contents, posterior acoustic enhancement, and no internal blood flow. However, US appearances of some diseases may overlap, thus producing diagnostic pitfalls. (C) RSNA, 2006.