Temperature Across Vegetation Canopy-Water-Soil Interfaces Is Modulated by Hydroperiod and Extreme Weather in Coastal Wetlands
Temperature Across Vegetation Canopy-Water-Soil Interfaces Is Modulated by Hydroperiod and Extreme Weather in Coastal Wetlands
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2022.852901
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发表时间：
2022-05
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通讯作者：
Xiaochen Zhao;V. Rivera‐Monroy;Chunyan Li;Ivan Vargas-Lopez;R. Rohli;Z. Xue;E. Castañeda‐Moya
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作者：
Xiaochen Zhao;V. Rivera‐Monroy;Chunyan Li;Ivan Vargas-Lopez;R. Rohli;Z. Xue;E. Castañeda‐Moya
环境温度是一个广泛使用的变量来描述天气和气候条件。利用温度异常来确定气候和天气系统的变化，使温度成为一个关键变量，不仅可以评估气候的变化，而且可以评估生态系统结构和功能特性的变化。与陆地生态系统相比，沿海湿地区域温度异常的评估更为复杂，因为当地温度受水文和天气的影响。因此，它是未知的区域自由空气温度（TFREE）是如何耦合到当地的温度异常，这可以改变植被冠层，水和土壤之间的界面，修改湿地小气候制度。在这里，我们研究了墨西哥湾北方沿海路易斯安那州和南佛罗里达州红树林-盐沼交错带三个界面的温差（偏移）（2017-2019）。结果表明，TFree和TCanopy之间的冠层偏移（0.2-1.6°C）是由冠层缓冲效应引起的。在路易斯安那州和佛罗里达的类似的偏移值强调了植被在调节近地面能量通量的作用。总体而言，淹没深度没有影响土壤温度（TSoil）。频率和持续时间之间的相互作用的淹没，但是，显着调制TSoil的存在下，湿地土壤表面的水，从而削弱任何短期或长期的变化TCanopy和TFree。极端天气事件，包括冷锋和热带气旋，导致大量落叶和减弱冠层缓冲，导致冠层或土壤偏移的长期变化。这些结果强调，需要同时测量生态和气候过程之间的相互作用，以减少不确定性时，在气候变化的沿海地区的宏观和微观气候建模，特别是考虑到目前当地的温度异常数据稀缺。这项工作促进了地球系统模式与气候模式的耦合，以预测区域和全球气候变化和沿着地区的变率。
Environmental temperature is a widely used variable to describe weather and climate conditions. The use of temperature anomalies to identify variations in climate and weather systems makes temperature a key variable to evaluate not only climate variability but also shifts in ecosystem structural and functional properties. In contrast to terrestrial ecosystems, the assessment of regional temperature anomalies in coastal wetlands is more complex since the local temperature is modulated by hydrology and weather. Thus, it is unknown how the regional free-air temperature (TFree) is coupled to local temperature anomalies, which can vary across interfaces among vegetation canopy, water, and soil that modify the wetland microclimate regime. Here, we investigated the temperature differences (offsets) at those three interfaces in mangrove-saltmarsh ecotones in coastal Louisiana and South Florida in the northern Gulf of Mexico (2017–2019). We found that the canopy offset (range: 0.2–1.6°C) between TFree and below-canopy temperature (TCanopy) was caused by the canopy buffering effect. The similar offset values in both Louisiana and Florida underscore the role of vegetation in regulating near-ground energy fluxes. Overall, the inundation depth did not influence soil temperature (TSoil). The interaction between frequency and duration of inundation, however, significantly modulated TSoil given the presence of water on the wetland soil surface, thus attenuating any short- or long-term changes in the TCanopy and TFree. Extreme weather events—including cold fronts and tropical cyclones—induced high defoliation and weakened canopy buffering, resulting in long-term changes in canopy or soil offsets. These results highlight the need to measure simultaneously the interaction between ecological and climatic processes to reduce uncertainty when modeling macro- and microclimate in coastal areas under a changing climate, especially given the current local temperature anomalies data scarcity. This work advances the coupling of Earth system models to climate models to forecast regional and global climate change and variability along coastal areas.