Recent advances in crop transformation technologies
Recent advances in crop transformation technologies
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s41477-022-01295-8
复制
发表时间：
2022-12-15
期刊：
影响因子：
18
通讯作者：
Gallavotti, Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Zongliang;Debernardi, Juan M.;Gallavotti, Andrea
农业正在经历历史上的技术拐点，同时也面临着人口增长和全球气候变化带来的前所未有的挑战。精确基因组编辑的关键进展和快速生成生物工程作物的新方法有望彻底改变育种计划的速度和广度，并提高我们养活和维持人口增长的能力。尽管基因组编辑能够对 DNA 序列进行有针对性的特定修改，但现有的一些障碍阻碍了编辑技术在已建立和新兴作物物种的基础和应用研究中的广泛采用。顽固物种转化和再生的低效方法以及转化过程的基因型依赖性仍然是主要障碍。这些限制在单子叶作物中很常见，单子叶作物本身就提供了人类消耗的大部分热量。体细胞胚胎发生和分生组织（负责植物发育可塑性的多能干细胞群）的从头诱导是快速产生转化植物的基本策略。在这里，我们回顾了最近的发现，这些发现正在迅速推进核转化技术，并有望克服迄今为止阻碍基因组编辑在作物物种中广泛采用的障碍。
Agriculture is experiencing a technological inflection point in its history, while also facing unprecedented challenges posed by human population growth and global climate changes. Key advancements in precise genome editing and new methods for rapid generation of bioengineered crops promise to both revolutionize the speed and breadth of breeding programmes and increase our ability to feed and sustain human population growth. Although genome editing enables targeted and specific modifications of DNA sequences, several existing barriers prevent the widespread adoption of editing technologies for basic and applied research in established and emerging crop species. Inefficient methods for the transformation and regeneration of recalcitrant species and the genotype dependency of the transformation process remain major hurdles. These limitations are frequent in monocotyledonous crops, which alone provide most of the calories consumed by human populations. Somatic embryogenesis and de novo induction of meristems - pluripotent groups of stem cells responsible for plant developmental plasticity - are essential strategies to quickly generate transformed plants. Here we review recent discoveries that are rapidly advancing nuclear transformation technologies and promise to overcome the obstacles that have so far impeded the widespread adoption of genome editing in crop species.