Narrative Ethnography
Narrative Ethnography
复制标题
叙事民族志
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
James A. Holstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Gubrium;James A. Holstein
从前，故事是按其内容来讲述和书写的。古人写爱情故事，记录军事战役的历史，撰写植物和动物的论文，医学文献和哲学话语，并叙述了无数领域经验的口述历史。一些讲述了情感，一些讲述了战略行动，还有一些讲述了这些行动的运作原则。有些故事是由他们社会中有文化的成员写的；另一些则被收集为简单而经久不衰的民间故事。绘画效果图，如洞穴壁画和装饰展示，证明了叙事的长寿。扩展账户是我们分享世界方式的一个标志性特征。然而，分享战争或失恋的经历是一回事；对叙事或故事过程本身的思考则完全是另一回事。这是一个相对较新的发展。例如，对这一过程的反思可能会突出战斗报告的总体结构，而不是爱情故事。一方面，分享故事，另一方面，注意、编目和分析叙事语料库的异同，这两者之间的区别是想象力的飞跃，它突出了叙事是与故事本身分离和不同的东西。作为一个实践问题，我们不会在故事和故事过程之间划出一个明显的区别。然而，当我们将它们区分开来时，就会发生一些重要的事情，这为我们提供了将叙事视为有趣事物的基础。这种区别最好被视为一种对话，而不是一种绝对的区别。这使我们能够探索叙事有不同或相似格式的可能性，反过来，不同的格式与讲述的内容、叙事发生的方式和地点以及如何理解叙事有关。本章概述了将这些语境特征考虑在内的叙事实践研究的最新进展，并提出了对叙事民族志的需求。
O nce upon a time, stories were told and written for what they were about. The ancients wrote love stories, recorded histories of military campaigns, produced treatises on flora and fauna, medical texts, and philosophical discourses, and recounted oral histories of countless domains of experience. Some told of the emotions, some of strategic actions, and others of the principles by which these operated. Some stories were written by literate members of their societies; others have been collected as simple yet enduring folk tales. Pictorial renderings, such as cave paintings and decorative displays, attest to narrative’s longevity. Extended accounts are a signal feature of the way we have shared the world. It is one thing, however, to share accounts of battles or lost love; it is quite another to contemplate narrativity or the storying process in its own right. This is a relatively recent development. Reflections on the process might foreground the general structure of battle reports as opposed to love stories, for instance. The difference between sharing stories, on the one hand, and noticing, cataloguing, and analyzing the corpus of narratives for similarities and differences on the other, is a leap in imagination, highlighting narrativity as something separate and distinct from the stories themselves. As a matter of practice, we do not draw a sharp distinction between stories and the storying process. Nevertheless, something important happens when a distinction is made between them, offering grounds for thinking about narrativity as something interesting on its own. The distinction might best be viewed as a dialogue rather than a categorical difference. This allows us to explore the possibility that narratives have different or similar formats and, in turn, that different formats relate to what is told, to how and where narratives take place, and to how they are understood. This chapter outlines recent developments in the study of narrative practice that take these contextual features into account and present the need for narrative ethnography.