P2-296: BILINGUALISM, EXECUTIVE CONTROL, AND COGNITIVE RESERVE: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
P2-296: BILINGUALISM, EXECUTIVE CONTROL, AND COGNITIVE RESERVE: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
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P2-296：双语、执行控制和认知储备：对预防阿尔茨海默病的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.974
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Martyr A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martyr A
背景最近的证据表明，双语在涉及抑制和反应冲突管理的非语言执行控制任务中具有优势，这导致了双语有助于增加认知储备，从而预防或延缓阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发生。我们评估了居住在英国北威尔士的50名老年(≥60岁)说威尔士/英语双语者(n=50)和49名说英语单语者(n=49)在一系列执行控制任务上的表现，这些任务涉及思维生成和速度、工作记忆、定势转换和转换、反应冲突的抑制和管理。结果在关键人口统计变量或健康和功能状态方面，单语和双语组没有差异，但单语组在评估英语语言能力的测试中表现更好。在评估的40项执行功能指数中，双语者在9项上表现较好，大部分效果较小，而单一语言者在31项上表现较好，主要是小规模和中等效果。单变量分析表明，在思维生成性和速度、工作记忆、定势转换和转换方面，单语优势显著，而在抑制和反应冲突管理领域，单语优势大大减弱。在对多重比较进行校正后，只有三个差异有显著意义，单语者在空间广度向前、电梯倒置计数和设计流利性转换任务上表现明显更好。多变量分析证实了单语在工作记忆、定势转换和转换方面的优势。在双语组中，两种语言的日常使用程度的差异对成绩没有显著影响。两组在认知储备的测量上没有不同。结论双语不会导致威尔士老年参与者在执行控制任务上表现更好，也不会有助于增强认知储备，因此不太可能在威尔士背景下提供预防AD的好处。社会语言环境的性质及其对双语群体认知加工的影响可能是对单语优势的意外观察的一个可能的解释。
BackgroundRecent evidence for a bilingual advantage in non-linguistic executive control tasks involving inhibition and management of response conflict has led to the suggestion that being bilingual contributes to increased cognitive reserve, hence preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Further investigation may shed more light on the relevance of bilingualism for AD prevention.MethodsWe assessed the performance of older (≥ 60 years) bilingual Welsh/English speakers (n= 50) and monolingual English speakers (n= 49) living in North Wales, UK, on a range of executive control tasks covering the domains of mental generativity and speed, working memory, set-shifting and switching, and inhibition and management of response conflict.ResultsThere were no differences between monolingual and bilingual groups in key demographic variables or in health and functional status, but monolinguals performed better on tests assessing English language ability. Across the 40 executive function indices assessed, bilinguals performed better on 9, mostly with small effect sizes, while monolinguals performed better on 31, with a mix of mainly small and medium effect sizes. Univariate analyses suggested a monolingual advantage in mental generativity and speed, working memory, and set-shifting and switching, which was greatly reduced in the domain of inhibition and management of response conflict. Only three differences were significant after correction for multiple comparisons, with monolinguals performing significantly better on spatial span forwards, elevator counting with reversal and design fluency switching tasks. Multivariate analysis confirmed the monolingual advantage in working memory and in set-shifting and switching. Variations in degree of daily use of the two languages in the bilingual group had no significant effect on performance. The two groups did not differ on a measure of cognitive reserve.ConclusionsBeing bilingual did not result in better performance on executive control tasks or contribute to enhanced cognitive reserve among older participants in Wales, and thus is unlikely to confer benefits with regard to preventing AD in the Welsh context. A possible explanation for the unexpected observation of a monolingual advantage may lie in the nature of the sociolinguistic context and its influence on cognitive processing in the bilingual group.