History of Numerical Weather Prediction at the National Meteorological Center
History of Numerical Weather Prediction at the National Meteorological Center
复制标题
国家气象中心数值天气预报的历史
DOI：
10.1175/1520-0434(1989)004
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
F. Shuman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Shuman
第一个现代数值天气预报（NWP）模式是为1932年在新泽西普林斯顿高等研究所宣布的计算机开发的。在3年内，美国政府的三个机构联合创建了一个数值天气预报服务，但很快发现，目前的模式有非常严重的缺陷。经过大量的研究，第一个有效的模式在1958年实现了-一个正压模式，覆盖了北方的大部分地区。多年来，模型已经通过多层过滤方程模型和几个原始方程模型发展。还开发了及时性所需的分析和数据同化系统，这些系统也得到了发展。结果是天气预报的一场革命。
Abstract The first modern numerical weather prediction (NWP) models were developed for the computer that was announced in 1932 at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton, New Jersey. Within 3 yr three agencies of the United States Government jointly created a numerical weather prediction service, but it was quickly discovered that current models had very serious defects. After considerable research, the first operationally effective model was achieved in 1958—a barotropic model covering most of the Northern Hemisphere. Over the years, models have evolved through multilevel filtered equation models and several primitive equation models. Analysis and data assimilation systems necessary for timeliness were also developed, and have likewise evolved. The result has been a revolution in weather forecasting.