Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota.
Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/s42523-021-00119-y
复制
发表时间：
2021-08-28
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Houdijk JGM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pollock J;Glendinning L;Smith LA;Mohsin H;Gally DL;Hutchings MR;Houdijk JGM
猪的胃肠道微生物区系与宿主的健康和生产性能有关。大多数猪肠道微生物区系研究的目标是粪便物质，这不能代表其他离散肠道部分的微生物区系动态。断奶过渡期是猪的关键发育阶段，经常突然引入固体日粮后，胃肠道问题突出。需要更好地了解时间和营养对小肠微生物区系的影响。在这里，观察了断奶后立即不同水平的日粮蛋白质水平下猪回肠微生物区系的发育。在断奶前( − 1天)死后采集回肠消化样本，用于基线测量。其余的猪在断奶当天(第0天)分别饲喂18%(低蛋白)和23%(高蛋白)的日粮，并在断奶后第5、9和13天进行回肠消化取样。我们发现，从基线到断奶后13天，微生物组结构发生了显著变化(P = 0.0 1)，微生物组丰富度降低(P = 0.0 2)，特定细菌类群的丰度发生了变化。断奶时饲喂固体日粮后，回肠微生物区系变得不稳定(P = 0.036)，猪之间差异很大，平均日增重与微生物区系组成之间没有关系。饲喂高蛋白日粮的猪回肠微生物区系较不稳定(P = 0.05)，其中几个致病菌属的丰度显著高于对照组。来自低蛋白质组和高蛋白质组的样本没有按其碳水化合物活性酶(CAZyme)的组成分开聚类，但Hp组的GH33外唾液酸酶明显更丰富(P = 0.006)。断奶仔猪回肠微生物区系变化很快，最初由于饲料的突然引入而不稳定。营养成分影响了回肠微生物区系的发育，高蛋白日粮与重要猪病原体数量的增加和GH33外唾液酸酶的上调有关-这可以影响宿主-微生物的相互作用和致病性。这些发现有助于我们理解较少研究的肠道间隔，它不仅是消化的关键部位，也是开发营养干预措施的目标，以在关键的断奶过渡期改善肠道健康和宿主生长性能。网上版载有补充材料，可在10.1186/s42523-021-00119-y查阅。
The porcine gastrointestinal microbiota has been linked to both host health and performance. Most pig gut microbiota studies target faecal material, which is not representative of microbiota dynamics in other discrete gut sections. The weaning transition period in pigs is a key development stage, with gastrointestinal problems being prominent after often sudden introduction to a solid diet. A better understanding of both temporal and nutritional effects on the small intestinal microbiota is required. Here, the development of the porcine ileal microbiota under differing levels of dietary protein was observed over the immediate post-weaning period. Ileal digesta samples were obtained at post-mortem prior to weaning day (day − 1) for baseline measurements. The remaining pigs were introduced to either an 18% (low) or 23% (high) protein diet on weaning day (day 0) and further ileal digesta sampling was carried out at days 5, 9 and 13 post-weaning. We identified significant changes in microbiome structure (P = 0.01), a reduction in microbiome richness (P = 0.02) and changes in the abundance of specific bacterial taxa from baseline until 13 days post-weaning. The ileal microbiota became less stable after the introduction to a solid diet at weaning (P = 0.036), was highly variable between pigs and no relationship was observed between average daily weight gain and microbiota composition. The ileal microbiota was less stable in pigs fed the high protein diet (P = 0.05), with several pathogenic bacterial genera being significantly higher in abundance in this group. Samples from the low protein and high protein groups did not cluster separately by their CAZyme (carbohydrate-active enzyme) composition, but GH33 exosialidases were found to be significantly more abundant in the HP group (P = 0.006). The weaner pig ileal microbiota changed rapidly and was initially destabilised by the sudden introduction to feed. Nutritional composition influenced ileal microbiota development, with the high protein diet being associated with an increased abundance of significant porcine pathogens and the upregulation of GH33 exosialidases—which can influence host-microbe interactions and pathogenicity. These findings contribute to our understanding of a lesser studied gut compartment that is not only a key site of digestion, but also a target for the development of nutritional interventions to improve gut health and host growth performance during the critical weaning transition period. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-021-00119-y.