Acute Kidney Injury
Acute Kidney Injury
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cnur.2018.07.001
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Farrar, Ashley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farrar, Ashley
急性肾损伤（阿基）最常发生在医院环境中，医院获得性阿基占全球所有阿基病例的22%。阿基每年导致200万人死亡，50%的重症患者发生阿基。AKI包括肾前、肾内和肾后原因。治疗包括肾脏替代疗法和纠正可逆原因。对这些患者的管理包括病史和社会史、实验室检查、肾活检和超声检查等检查、生命体征、容量状态和识别风险因素。因此，必须识别高危患者，纠正任何可逆原因，防止进一步的肾损伤，并进行支持性治疗。
Acute kidney injury (AKI) most commonly occurs in the hospital setting, and hospital-acquired AKI accounts for 22% of all AKI cases worldwide. AKI causes 2 million deaths per year, and 50% of critically ill patients develop AKI. AKIs include prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes. Treatments include renal replacement therapies and correcting reversible causes. Management of these patients includes medical and social history, laboratory studies, tests such as renal biopsy and ultrasonography, vital signs, volume status, and identifying risk factors. Thus, it is essential to identify high-risk patients, correct any reversible causes, prevent further kidney injury, and perform supportive therapy.