Volcanism, Mass Extinction, and Carbon Isotope Fluctuations in the Middle Permian of China

Volcanism, Mass Extinction, and Carbon Isotope Fluctuations in the Middle Permian of China
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中国中二叠世的火山活动、生物大灭绝和碳同位素波动

DOI:
10.1126/science.1171956
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发表时间:
2009-05
期刊:
影响因子:
56.9
通讯作者:
Widdowson, Mike
Widdowson, Mike
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sun, Yadong;Lai, Xulong;Wignall, Paul B.;Ali, Jason R.;Jiang, Haishui;Vedrine, Stephanie;Bottrell, Simon H.;Newton, Robert J.;Izon, Gareth;Cope, Helen;Bond, David P. G.;Widdowson, Mike

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中二叠世灭绝2.6亿至2.7亿年前中二叠世的一次大灭绝发生在二叠纪末的大灭绝之前。Wignall等人(第1179页)详细分析了中国西南部岩石中的中二叠世事件。这次灭绝与附近大规模的火山爆发同时发生。碳同位素值在灭绝事件之后大幅下降,这意味着碳循环的大规模破坏。来自中国西南部的化石岩石表明,中二叠世的一次大灭绝与大规模的火山喷发同时发生。中国西南部有2.6亿年历史的峨眉山火山区覆盖着中二叠世的碳酸盐岩,并与之互层,这些碳酸盐岩包含了瓜达鲁普大规模灭绝的记录。因此,该地区的部分提供了一个机会,直接监测灭绝和火山活动在同一地点的相对时间。这些表明,火山活动的开始标志着两个大的phreatomagmatic喷发和之间的fusulinacean有孔虫和石灰藻类的喷发。这两种现象在时间上的巧合支持了因果关系的观点。这场危机发生在碳同位素出现负向偏移之前,这表明海洋-大气碳循环随后受到严重干扰。
Middle Permian Extinction A major extinction in the Middle Permian 260 to 270 million years ago preceded the huge end-Permian extinction. Wignall et al. (p. 1179) present a detailed analysis of the Middle Permian event from rocks in southwest China. The extinction coincided with extensive nearby volcanic eruptions. A major drop in carbon isotope values followed the extinction event, implying massive disruption of the carbon cycle. Fossiliferous rocks from southwest China show that a major extinction in the Middle Permian coincided with extensive volcanic eruptions. The 260-million-year-old Emeishan volcanic province of southwest China overlies and is interbedded with Middle Permian carbonates that contain a record of the Guadalupian mass extinction. Sections in the region thus provide an opportunity to directly monitor the relative timing of extinction and volcanism within the same locations. These show that the onset of volcanism was marked by both large phreatomagmatic eruptions and extinctions amongst fusulinacean foraminifers and calcareous algae. The temporal coincidence of these two phenomena supports the idea of a cause-and-effect relationship. The crisis predates the onset of a major negative carbon isotope excursion that points to subsequent severe disturbance of the ocean-atmosphere carbon cycle.
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