Mouse defensive behaviors: pharmacological and behavioral assays for anxiety and panic
Mouse defensive behaviors: pharmacological and behavioral assays for anxiety and panic
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DOI：
10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00009-4
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Blanchard, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blanchard, DC;Griebel, G;Blanchard, RJ
实验室小鼠的自然防御行为已在非自然和高度结构化的情况下进行了评估;并在引发刺激、对药理学试剂的反应、行为模式以及对社会和物理环境的结果或影响方面进行了表征。实验室小鼠和大鼠的防御模式通常是相似的，但小鼠在最初暴露于高度威胁性刺激时表现出风险评估，而大鼠则没有，而大鼠则表现出警报发声，而小鼠则没有。实验室小鼠和大鼠在冷冻和飞行方面的数量差异似乎在很大程度上反映了驯化效应，野生小鼠和大鼠彼此更相似。这种详细的物种内和防御模式的比较数据的联系使得有可能在实验环境中可靠地引发小鼠或大鼠的特定防御，提供了对自然防御行为本身的有效分析，而不是防御的“模型”。比较表明，这些防御模式具有相当大的跨物种通用性，就像关于其他哺乳动物物种的分散但相当多的文献一样，通常涉及实地研究，通常集中在远距离可见的防御行为的那些方面，如警惕或飞行。虽然正常小鼠和人类防御系统之间的潜在同源性应该理想地涉及所有四个模式组成部分（刺激，器官因素，反应特征，结果），预测有效性方面的药物活性对特定的防御性精神病理学是最广泛的调查。在小鼠防御测试组合中测量的飞行显示出对抗恐慌、致恐慌和恐慌中性药物的一致适当反应，而一些其他预测性“恐慌模型”（dPAG刺激; DMH抑制;可能条件性抑制饮酒范例）也引起和（间接）测量与飞行潜在相关的行为。与飞行无关的模型（例如，对条件刺激的超声波发声）;或者飞行元素可能对测量的行为贡献相对较小的模型（高架T迷宫）对抗恐慌或致恐慌作用的预测性较低。这些研究结果表明，自然防御行为提供了一个很好的特征化模式的遗传或其他生理操作在小鼠的影响进行分析，也可以作为一个模型，用于分析与防御相关的人类精神病理学。(C)2001爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
The natural defensive behaviors of laboratory mice have been evaluated in both seminatural and highly structured situations; and characterized in terms of eliciting stimuli, response to pharmacological agents, behavior patterns, and outcome or effect on the social and physical environment. The defense patterns of laboratory mice and rats are generally similar, but mice show risk assessment on initial exposure to highly threatening stimuli while rats do not, while rats display alarm vocalizations, missing in mice. Quantitative differences in freezing and flight fur laboratory mice and rats appear to largely reflect domestication effects, with wild mice and rats more similar to each other. This nexus of detailed within-species and comparative data on defense patterns makes it possible to reliably elicit specific defenses in mice or rats in an experimental context, providing well-validated assays of the natural defensive behaviors themselves, as opposed to 'models' of defense.The mouse-rat. comparisons indicate considerable cross-species generality for these defense patterns, as does a scattered but considerable literature on other mammalian species, generally involving field studies and typically focusing on those aspects of defensive behavior that are visible at a distance, such as vigilance, or flight. Although potential homologies between normal mouse and human defense systems should ideally involve all four pattern components (stimulus, organismic factors, response characteristics, outcome), predictive validity in terms of response to drugs active against specific defensive psychopathology is the most extensively investigated of these. Flight, as measured in the Mouse Defense Test Battery shows a consistently appropriate response to panicolytic, panicogenic, and panic-neutral drugs, while some other predictive 'panic models' (dPAG-stimulation; DMH-inhibition; possibly conditioned suppression of drinking paradigms) also elicit and (indirectly) measure behaviors potentially related to flight. Models unrelated to flight (e.g. ultrasonic vocalization to conditioned stimuli); or for which flight elements may a relatively minor contributor to the behavior measured Elevated T-maze) are less predictive of panicolytic or panicogenic action. These findings indicate that natural defensive behaviors provide a well-characterized pattern for analysis of effects of genetic or other physiological manipulations in the mouse, and may also serve as a model for analysis of defense-related human psychopathology. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.